Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Институциональная экономика

..pdf
Скачиваний:
1
Добавлен:
05.02.2023
Размер:
2.56 Mб
Скачать

012334567

89 9 !"!!#!$%&'!( &)* "+ &",'!- ("."!!,( !&)"/0&/1

82 3 45 63 !7 8%!$-7""+ $ &!79!:%"( %(,8#!"9! &,!/ "(,1

8 3;< $ &"!1

8 2 = 3 4 >5? !$@ !( $' %/ !"!!$& #( -, (! &8"+ 9&!1

A 5B3 C( $ 9!D!'$%! !" $(!9!! $# $(&-,+ D!,:( / # , %#E" !, %&,"+ %, "!! !"-(+ $9&) *!8"!-( / :, %!F1

G 3 H < 2 ;< 9$$7, "!-+"'"+@( "$*%9!: "#(*!D!,""+,!( "$%9!-,!1

G 2I J 55 63 # &)"+: $'&" /# + 0 :'!$&""$(! #'$("!% /&$ "!-1

G4 >4 > H ("."! ( 8 7,8"$() +."!-0&* /$$(-"!-#( , 7!, :$(!-1

G K 45 63 9L 2 J9 !7 8%!%( + "$#( (*&)"+ !"!!+ 7#&)(( &!79!! 0 $( ""/ +0 1

G K 3; J 45 63 !7 8%!" 0@ !,+ &-$# $(* &"!-+"'":( "$%9!!1

G K MNN3JEM3 F+"'"/ #%( $() &8!( &)"+ !&!(!9( &)"+ $& $(!-%( + %7+ (/ !7 $( !&! ( 0* &"!"0&/$$(-"!( ()!@&!9"#'$(# !@ / !7 $( ( 0* &"!!%#&!&! 81

GI 45 63 9L 2 J9 !7 8%!$-7""+ $ ,"* $( 9!:!0,",!"D ,9!:0!"!!#&)"+@ '("!-@!D ,! *"!,/# 8%!1

012

34566789

!"#$%&'(")*%+ ,-.,$"/0%$12,345%3671%*"2*%&0*,8*,96&:*3:(;""<

= >!76%,&"""?&/:(3"/:1@*,%#*:8%*"%*%(,6,&,?,;%1%7,?,A,(:#:+ 6%12"?&,(:<B6&";:6%1@*0970"?&0C*:#07:D66:('%A&,"?&0C%/<

E !F/,*,A,1"2*:71:36@GHA&,"#7,$"6%1@,-5%367%**0.-1:?G I3%6@,6*,C%*8%3(".(,*6&:(6,7A&"*;"A:1+:?%*6)?$%A&"*;"A:1:/"70364A:D6 "#-"&:6%1"GJ&0*,(?,34$:&367%**0.A,36,7<

KL M !"3A,1@#,7:*"%A,6&%-1%*"2$12$,(:#:6%1@+ 367:,-1:$:*"2-,?:6367,/A,N<O%-1%*4<

K LL PQ R!/:6&"8*:2"?&:)7(,6,&,93,1"$:&*,%A,7%$%*"%70+ ?,$*%%$12,-,"."?&,(,7)8%/$&4?"%7"$0A,7%$%*"2<

KL PS = !36&:6%?"2"?&,(:)(,6,&:2,-%3A%8"7:%6%/4-,1@+ C"970"?&0CA,3&:7*%*"D3$&4?,936&:6%?"%9*%#:7"3"/,,6A,7%$%*"276,&,?, "?&,(:<

TU V!W6,3A%;"X"8%3("%"*7%36";"")(,6,&0%,345%36712%634-Y+ %(6)$:7C"9,-%5:*"%)3;%1@D3$%1:6@37,%,-%5:*"%$,36,7%&*0/<

Z= L !/:6&";:)3,36:71%**:2"#A:&70"?&0C%9)(,6,&0%A,14+ 8:D6"?&,("A&"3,,67%63674D5%/70-,&%:1@6%&*:6"7A,7%$%*"2L [= >\<

Z= \ R !6&:(64%6"*36"646(:(*:-,&A&:7"1*%(,6,&,9"?&0)(,6,+ &4D7%$46/%'$43,-,9.,#29367%**0%34-Y%(60<

Z ] L !3X%&:$%26%1@*,36"(,&A,&:;"9)314'"6,A&%$%+ 12D5%98%&6,9*,7,?,"*$436&":1@*,?,,-5%367:A,^'<_W1-&%964<

Z A&%$36:712%63,-,93"36%/:6"8%3(,%,6(1,*%*"%,6 A&"708*,9&:7*,7%3*,936&:6%?""3;%1@DA,"3(:$&4?,?,&:7*,7%3*,?,3,36,2+ *"2)-,1%%70?,$*,?,$12"?&,(:+*,7:6,&:<

Z L !7&,'$%**,%36&%/1%*"%8%1,7%(:(A&,"#7,$"6%1@+ *,9$%26%1@*,36")7:'*%9C"93,;":1@*09"*36"*(6A,N<O%-1%*4<

Z !A&"*260%7,-5%367%A&:7"1:7#:"/,$%9367"2"*$"7"$,7)31,+ '"7C"%327A&,;%33%&:#7"6"2(41@64&0",A&%$%12D5"%A&"708*093A,3,-,&+ ?:*"#:;""6,9"1""*,93X%&0,-5%367%**,9'"#*"<

Z !A&"#*:*"%8%1,7%(,/7*%C*%9*,&/07(:8%367%*%+ ,6Y%/1%/,?,W1%/%*6:7*46&%**%93"36%/0;%**,36%9<

TZ ] \Q V!8%1,7%()"/%D5"931,'*4D3"36%/4/,6"+ 7,7)(,6,&:2,A&%$%12%632437,%**0/""/"*36"646:/"<`%1@%?,A,7%$%*"23,+ 36,"67?:&/,*"#:;""7#:"/,,6*,C%*"937*%C*%93,;":1@*,93&%$,9<

Z > = abb !A&%7&:5%*"%,-5%367%**0."#$%&'%( 7,7*46&%**"%"#$%&'("X"&/0)3,#$:D5%9,6&";:6%1@*097*%C*"9WXX%(6<

012334567

89

!" "#$%&"' (!! )'*''+, -' !' "+'!'.!'/ . #''0!1. 0234 "'3 5 '.!3*., '- ($,#'+3!16

7899:;9<= % .)'' 2+'(/0+01 # 3# !. 0>6 7899:;9< < ? <? #'0!,4)1+!,4)('+,4)'-"#& +.,4/'"3 "+'.6

7 ;?; = "#'"'-'/!($ )'',4/ ! 31@."1(*'!'3 0>!'( #0!!, # + '! '01!3% .'46

788;<?A ; ;9?A= "#'"'-# . !1 ! /'!" &" B ! "'+)

# '''.023#'" 3"+'."30'#'-532 3 /3 / 3'" 5!2 3!* "+.!!4 34"+ 4C#'D56E'..'!"F6

7 ? <? "'/0G! '-'-.!'!'" 0>!,. # +. "'-"+!!'" 6

7 ? <? !" .!'/'"''!!4'! .5* 3&0!. '-@"+)! 03,+2@4! 53'/'!3+ 3'# 30!!, '-1(*0>"+6

H7 ? <? :;8A;<I J'&0'+ )" .1@4"1 "#'0! >+'(0'5!!, !!/''-1( 0>"+ '-@"+!!'/') &"!'/'B 6

7 8<? '!'G! +( .'"02&!1#'#'+'3 "#'0>('+!1'/ !* &!!'/' " "6

79 8?:;9<=K< = .!)++3!!,4J'!'."'. "' &"'4 G'0,L6M"'.301B " 0"" &"'4#'0 &"'4J'!'. 6N'

.! (,+ !!"#'"'-!'">0"" &"'4 ' & ,+>!$'!0>!,

3$ 3 / % ',)'', #'(5 !(+0 H!" $'!0>!,.I6

7O8P?O '-@"+!!,4.B!(.'-.!)B !!1)+'"#'(+'3"+ '* -' !%'.$'!!,B#'3 '+6

Q? A R S; . $)"'" +0!!1(# +,/,G4)'', #'* 0&2 /' # "''+"+2@.+,-' 0> ! +#'+3! 1CRA= ? F6

Q 8P 9< .!B ( " $ )+ '',B#'"0 (02* &!1'! /! 0-'0&G !%'. '+!#'" +!!2"# !$#0'. C" , 1!%'.$1F)0-'# !$#0!.'5 !-023 >"01/! C" ,*'34"+ F6T B'-"'1 0>"+B/!.'5 #'1+01>#'"'! !,4 '##' !(.6

U;V8R =? ?V .!B ( " $ )+'',B# !$*

#0(! .!>G '-/! )&. /!(! '".'."-6T B'-"'1 0>* "+B/!.'5 #'1+01># 3'! !,4'##' !(.6

HU;A ;O< W ?;I J'!'.&" 4.B!(.)+'''.'# 3012* @2 '0>/ 2 .50&!'"!, '!'G!16X"'+ .!!'4J'!'. H!+ 3*

.' '#'5 I# B'3 !".! H!+ 3.'4 I6

U;<899:;9<= % .)+'''4 &0!, .2 '# 30!!, # * +!! )&'# 3". + "1%'.0>!,. !%'.0>!,. '! .6

012

34566789

!" #$%& '# %("&) *+*, #*+ -

. / 0 *+&0* 0*+ $%(*"&*"#1"2)3 1(#14 5"#'*(-

/ 6 76+5#*&"!*#' 5 8#+% 0 *+&0* "5$ ++5 (!+#$+#")35$(5("(5&)( +(!"9()( '!5'+" ,

8+&(% (!+&"#'#*" #*(( +&"#"'5-

: / ; .<: 61&+&0*+(2$=*#!*)%*(5("(5"'(4 +&*"&+(&*#" 8 "5 (! 2&"(#() +(>*) (' ""# $%(*"&4* "5 (5+$88(5("(5& (' "()=?8#! *&+5 &8&* "2)3 "&+(&*8 "5 (!-@ # " )"(5&) # (5&+ 8 "5 (!* #!*#!# 5$=?(A +&B( &, #*+3 *()(2(+$=? *0 !=4 ? #!(( "&B( -

6</ CD E F< /G ) %&(" ()&( ( +(2&4(#*+ &)( '!2&* ,#*"& 0*+ 50+ =+(5(%#0 2&?(* -

E </ .:H: *+&0*$*(#*(*$*0&0 &"!2& (2" +&"( +4 8&) *(+$=? "5 ((5("(5&-

IJK < / J ; '&8& 5!0*+1*#$*#*"$*(#0=%(* , #*,54 #*$&(0 0$+ * #*,+( *+' ((-

IJK < / </J >*#"0$ #*, +B##" + % 8#8"&4(!(5("(5$&, 15 #*"( %+2#(#*)$ (*(%#0(1(#*(*$*"5)0+&4 *(%#08 '?#*"&-

I; 6 7 L L 8+&(% #*,"2)3 #* >0 )(%#0(1 &8 *" ++&'*0(M+)&B((-

I.. N .<: "5 ( &B & +# 5"&(

#'#*" 8(*+#&( 8+&(% # '+&3 (!)()+&(*--#"!2&

#(# ,2"&() ')&& 1(*+#*((0"&+#*"&-O#())*+(%&!(M+)&B(!#4 25&*"2)3 #*(5! +*$(#*(%#08 "5 (!-

I. E L/ FE D E/ +&2)+ +(0*+)PB Q" 9 ("$*4 + *+&0B((#"&5&=*-

I. EF NRK .<: "5 ( (8+0& # 5$=?8 +&" "#

#*+&*8((-

I; F7 6 NLN #(#*)& +) +&"( ()+&, 1B #* +8&) *(+$=?&!* 9 (!)35$% &)( +8&(2&B((-

I; .:H: +(B( (#*(*$B( &(2)& # "& &&& 8(( )35$'?#*")(3(") +8&(2))-S +*("#*(*)1&(#*(%#0)$ 54 15$0#(0" #8 0*+)$12!#*" #$'T0* $ 5'!=*#!1&*(%4"2&()5 #*"$=?()M(2(%#0()* &)-

012334567

89

!"# "$#%& # '( # () %*+""!#,- &.& &/$# !0(1" &"2

3435 6 4 76 # "$ 8$ ' 8$ 0 %""(%1"&"9 /"00%* "/!0%,$,: 0") # ( 1 "&"08&%$$ $ 2

; < ( 11 %0# !"# $ 1 "&"081 (0&0- $9 0)= 1 ) ' $& 0& &1"&0(""00 #0>"% "0?# .%# 9 /-'! @, )/"!?@/?:"0& &%/?0-1/")0# 1 ="##" @ ,2

3 A3 B4;3 3 ; 3 "@ 0" &0$ 0& &'1 9 0:"0* (%1 08 @8)"/?# ' &%$(%0& &%'1 08:"(%0 #"@8C @8)"/?# 2

3D E F F3 4F 0 '%!#0 $0"1, *#81 9 08? 0(0"#" )(>0,"@%&%+"@# 8"/?# '0 "(0"("0""#%9 1* "&/$# !0," 0:"08' $&1 :/,"'0# 8+" >&"(," @%&%+"/!0," 0:"08' )0 *+"(">&%0('("* >0")0!"0" G0"1/0,-'0"80,-'"$%/80,- #( ,1/08*+-#8 0 H2

I4 3F7333; 6 # %=8' $& ,@ - / 0-1 ="&%,$/9

# 08 ), " /80"0 @+"# "00"":"0"2

I4 3JKKED 6 "#/ #&"/ 0" "!" 0""#(. 8@, &0- )# 90'00"@%&"&@ /?0)/*!"02

I3 ; 6B4L 3 A # @>&"0"1 #/%$ 1 ) "00,.)089-#="/?*&"(0# = @$# .)8 0G1 M2N"@/"0%H2

I3K A O3 ; C "#" / # (%/,'#1(+?* ,. $"#8#$/# 00#?G1 P>2QC/@"-%H2

I3 F3 4F &"/?0,- 1 0 ' ,-(>0 ?

* &!"# "#/" "(&"/ # ":"00,. ,0 '$&"/!0," 0:"080" $ * 0 - /2

I3KB46O6 O3F4 6 # #"( @+"# "00$ ,@ ')0(*+81 9 (">% !0"1/>"0"(">&% &= 00- 18(-# #"(( &"( 2

I3463F 0:"0"'1#" ( $ 1"&"/8"#8#%(( 0,- ,$9,: #1#@"$ #1"&"/"08(">&%%!#0 ( 0# = 2

I4; C (&"/ / @ )=,1 "&"08'$ 8+" (' #/"&%" #"@8"# - / 0-# %= 2

I4374 ; 3R LO @+"# "00"%# -# ' (%"&% #)0 @ ) 81 "@0#"- #8)00"#0( ( 0" 0%"0= G1P>2Q@#0%H2

I43R K43S ; 373; 34 C /$ ('1) /8*+-,@ ?"&09

# "00%* /?"0 % )(0>"# )&00,./?"0 2

I46O6 O3F4 6 1 ="&% 1 08 8@+"# "00,.":"0-0"1#"&9

# "00 8& ,( $ >&0('0".1" "/8(2

011

234556789

!"!#$ %&!'()!'(&*!# ($+,(( #(+#!"(!'() '+('!+()! , -'(() ,(.($(#/ !#0 $('1)-(! $+)'2,23. '(,(,( &+13 !"4

56 7 8 '(!.( '$+ ! 9 -(,$+ $ 0 !"(:!.; 1(;+(!(:#$+ (,(# +(,(. '('(,( /&4

5<6 = 6 > ?(&-(( ' #1 $;!().(9$02(: 3+ -. &($#"'! .( '(:(!' % @(+(&;!

,+('A.(B/4C(&&(+!D4

E @(+#(/+ + ((2 (, +;+)+ .('$+ ;#(0 ' -44(, +;+ ,(. ''2:( 4

7< E = . :' 9+-(( .(#; .($'9-!#$0 %);!+()! , .('$+"+ 2+ 4

FGH= <77 7II JK @(, .. .($$ / #1 + '2-(( " !.(!(:+. +"1((+; #1+( 3+ (. ++ $++()#1 + '2' 0 ;!'(:%!'++(,( 3+"4

< !('( .+(!1L'+ ++ M +! (' (")!'++(,(!:N 4 O@'(#9(++()@(+(&;!() ( , / (#1-;(,+2':(#(, 4

K ! 1(+(3+;! (+ ('&/$ .( +9 #1+2& .( . #"0 & .($'9&-!($' &"!9#1 (,+ 9 @?? '+(,((:&+-44 (:#,;+"2+(;+2 +! 9)4

P = KE= +!9"-(!%!'#"&".(!$!'(&& + &9+4

P Q5 "'#+ -(,$ +?(& ('++"!((+&(/

. $. +"1(. $#++2 '$2$" #1+(! -+?(& % $ , !((+ (!'( ;!' 4

R6 7Q=GHS=K K (+ -. (((& ,(, +(&'2.(#0 ++"'2! . ($+ # (: (+ ,+ 4

RQ<PS SK K .(&/ (;+"?(& &/$ ('2& ,#"+2&(+ &4

R6F = = K ! ,"-+"'#" %"!";!()4

R Q 7 I K #; !"'; $('+ '+('!+2 (0 ; !((' !' % ! ,) ,(('4

RQI 7 I .('$+ ,(('-((2 $(,('( #!1!#$('1 (. $#++2&! ,"&4

RQI > ' &(.(&(%1(+ ,+('-(!+('++"+(:%+(! 9++(0 !) +(:($&(! $(! /+"(:% 9#)4

RE Q P KS7ITI @(+(&;! + ;!+2) $# !(9(#(, '!# @(,(. $.(#, !!#$('+ +! ('!(9(#(,;0 ! & & ($&4

012334567

89

!"#$#%"& "'()*"+#(,! +" (-+#(,!."!"/" "(".$01121 $# +/& 1$##(#!"-034#'+ 1$/ 5346 #'+ 1$/ 5!3$ 1(!&*"75'+$2&"$ 1(. #+ !!27 034#'+5 + '%# !"&53#1#*"/ )9#."8 3()#!"#:

; < =+ '+"/51$"3$#+ )9"7 30)>#!! +,/$&' 8!!28'!+$'+!28+!?#!"7:

@ @ +#$#+"11/##!"-".$' 5'+$&0!(#0#+1$"/26 3$#(,+#$!+"/21/##!"-:A #+-/#'+$&/#$-+! +#7/23$ (,+#$!+"/:

@ BC 8 $'+#$"0#+-+#&5*+"!"/" /23"$#+/ $"6 !+/#.1/##!"-!#/""&51$"=+& !("3//#!#0*"+2/ #+1/##!"#$0."8"!"/" /5("3 ! !/#")9#. - 12+ 1$.! "$0#+/ &%!27 / $"!+"81/##!"-:

@ D @ C =++ ' -+$+#."-".$' 5'+$-. 6 $!+"$0#+#&0 1$##(#!!0)/#("*"!0/2".$2? !#/""& +/23$ E8 F$0..".$' :G+$%!0) +$+#.")! 2/ )++ '%#H H <51 '(,'0!$ *"+2/ #+-1 $# +/&!8%#!"-&'"&(,!. !*#!"-"!#'(,6 '"8&"!"&(,!28!*#!"7:

@ BC I =+ +$+#.""1/##!"-"!"/" //(0*#5'.!" ./ $"/ )+-#7+// +,1$##(#!!2& 3$ &:

J H KLM #("+$! '>"!!2#" #$%'"$/!2!0()5+ '!*+#(,6 !#$ #!"#$#0$ / 3#1#*"/ #+&'"&(,!#0&&$!#3(. +-!"#+$!/!# /""& +" +1#$/!*(,!.$ 1$##(#!"-1$/ 3+/#!! +":

J H NO 1$/"( 1$ +.3(,?"!+/ 5-/(-#+-!"3(##1$#1*+"6 +#(,!2&:

JP L L .$011 01$/(-)9"8'$1$>""51$"!"&)9"8.$0116 /2#$#?#!"-E+#$&"!//##!Q%:R=(3$#7+&F:

J I< H /" >"(,!./"& #7+/"-5/$#0(,++#'+$.&6 +#$"(,!2#3(. 1#$#8 -++ !. 3+/#!!"' '$0.&0:

J >"(,!#/"& #7+/"#5/$#0(,+ +#'+$. 1$"8 "++*0%#!"#"("1$"/#!"#1$/ 3+/#!! +""1$//3 :

J I MC D >#!! +,$#0$ /5 +$*"/ #&28! 09#+/6 (#!"#+$! '>"":

J I HCB MC & #("1$"/ +/ 5/'+$280*"6 +2/ )+-+$! '>"!!2#" #$%'"!7&60/(,!#!"-""!#!"-/210' 5 + '%#!*(,!2#1$+$21$"/ +/ :

J I< CPC 1$#1(. #+5*+$ /"+"#"!+"+0+/1$##(-#+-

.(/!2& 3$ & 34#&&" +$+5!#38 "&28(-3#1#*#!"-S0!'>"!"$/ 6 !"-+."(""!."!+"+0+ :

012

34566789

!!"#$"%$"&'()$)*+&) ,-.!)"%/ 0"&1!+ $)!"2$,)++3

4 &(56"&+ *1& 7)!),)$+)1#!%8"$5%'! 9&19 "9 " +)1#!-,&()+,56"&+,'! & : &$,9;$+&5+7+(,!!+8 7$%:)8/ 06<&!=!6"$5-3

> ?@"+",)!$-!*!-.$)!")7+6'$<)!+(&)!!-.;$5;$+!+,)/ 1," 1#8,)7"+,+()++;$+A-1+BC@" # !=!*"7+.7!$)7 &'"(5)&)/ ,)9& 19.227+&!6 $<)!+()++;$+(&5"&)3

>D EFG 4E 4 &($)")80)9()&+"+,"#2+$,- !)/ ,!-.$)A !+7&'A1)5)80+."; +2+*"7+,*1& *"7+,7);+)1,3

H I 5+!+*!-6)7,:*1& *"7<&()+,56"&+93

J K L L M NO E & 1+*+!)7,;!")++'%")!)&1+&) ,)9 &$)"* !)5+!+%P&$5!<Q &)$)3

R E NK 4 DF L 4 F EL ;5 +, $,+!,;!+,)8 7)7!8$+5+*"7+ ")!7++')7+7!$)7!- "<1)=!+9'7 $- ()0+0!- ()7!,+;$5!)(!)*!-519.$)!-7):56+(" $! ;"7!$)7!< ;/ ;$%!+(,)5$%<6" $!-3

R E4E EI4I "$)<+9';$+7 $6+<$7!);$ 9:!++$)"/ ",)$+&) ,<;$+5)&$,!+&-A+$) 1#7 5+!&)$+)!;& 5!+93

SLFT NK U $)7% +!"+%7)7;$5%7+" $+*"7<;$ "/ ")" "& !!< A$)+!"+% &'3 3;$ "")+.&18++3

S V 4E 4 )7)9$)!")7+9'&$(%1#) 7 $6+(,/ !9 "9+!5+&+5%)1#! A1)<"" 9!+ %*)"!+7&3

SK &-& 5!+!)%*!-.AA0!+6!)"!& A""$)"!<+(%*!+9A0"& !!6;$)7+7+')!)1+()AW7+&!-.")+"+*"7+.5)!!-.+3;3

SEV NK U $)7% +!"+%7)7 !!"!%8;(++8'7 $)9;$+/ (!)!),!<+,+*1!),+ A0"&)+"1%:+ "!&6+.;& 5!+93

S E L $)(!"#,:5%&-+<$-=,+<$7)';1%*!!-,&"1%/ *) 71!!+9 $)&!& "+9'++".5!-,$)&!& "!-,&-+<$-=,3

S E EF 4 I $)(!"#,:5% <&-+<$-=,';1%*!!-, &"1%*) 71!!+9 $)&!& "+9'+$)&!& "!-,&-+<$-=,3

XL N E EY F L N@ 7!$)7'&7 $,&" A" 9 1#"&) "<1)=!+9;1%*+1++"*$;-&)80 "1& "! ;+")!++A9()1#"&)" $! ;57$;1!-8$+5+*"76()0+ 63

01234526789462

869 9866549

0 !" # "

0123452$5%5362

"5 2&'5 %6$59()) "5$*'249+2%'&9,2 6459#)-)

78945 5%&5 .5%/89%'2445 /462%6'2'2 %6%'2 /$9 246+6 986502&'546&6)

1234546.)5%&6$)246496342)72899:5224;8)