329

Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚɦɢ, ɢ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɚɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ [5] ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3.

Ɋɢɫ. 3. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɚɥɚɯ ɡɟɦɥɢ

Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɚɪɦɨɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚɹ ɢ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɫɬɨɜ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɨɜ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɟɫɫɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɫ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ, ɱɬɨ, ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ.

ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 10–15 ɥɟɬ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ. Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɭɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ,

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Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ, ȼ.Ƚ. Ɉɮɪɢɯɬɟɪ

ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ, ɜ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. ɂ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ, ɩɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ, – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ – ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɨɜ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɚɪɦɨɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɵ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɚ ɛɵ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢɯ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɚ ɛɵ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɲɚɝɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ.

ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ 90-ɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ, ɞɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɛɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɤ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ. ɗɬɨ, ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɩɨɦɨɝɥɨ ɛɵ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢ- ɤɚɦ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ.

Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ

1.ɓɟɪɛɢɧɚ ȿ.ȼ. Ƚɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ: ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ⱥɋȼ, 2004. – 111 ɫ.

2.Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɚɪɦɨɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ: ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / ȼ.Ƚ. Ɉɮɪɢɯɬɟɪ, Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ, ȼ.ɂ. Ʉɥɟɜɟɤɨ, Ʉ.ȼ. Ɋɟɲɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ⱥɋȼ, 2013. – 152 ɫ.

3.Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜɚ Ʌ.Ɇ. Ⱥɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ (ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ) / ɉɟɪɦ. ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧ. ɢɧ-ɬ. – ɉɟɪɦɶ, 1991. – 478 ɫ.

4.The use of synthetic materials in the highway engineering in the

urals / A.B. Ponomaryov, A.A. Bartolomey, V.I. Kleveko, V.G. Ofrikhter,

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Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ

A.N. Bogomolov // Proceedings of the 12th European conference on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. Geotechnical engineering for transportation infrastructure. – Netherlands, Amsterdam, 1999. – ɋ. 1197–1202.

5. Ɂɨɥɨɬɨɡɭɛɨɜ Ⱦ.Ƚ., ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɚɥɚɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɨɜ. – 2009. – ʋ 2 (19).

A.B. Ponomarev, V.G. Ofrikhter

ANALYSIS AND PROBLEMS OF GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIAL

APPLICATION IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The paper presents the main stages and results of the studies carried out by various authors on the issues of application of geosynthetics in the practice of construction of Russian Federation. A review of the most significant results of the research shows the area of applicability of geosynthetics in construction, as well as focuses on the the problem, which in the opinion of the authors, require priority decisions.

Keywords: geosynthetic materials, construction, soil reinforcement, structurally unstable soils, subgrade.

ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɯ

ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ Ȼɭɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɢɱ (ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ) – ɞ-ɪ ɬɟɯɧ.

ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ, ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ» ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɉɇɂɉɍ (e-mail: spstf@pstu.ru).

Ɉɮɪɢɯɬɟɪ ȼɚɞɢɦ Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɶɟɜɢɱ (ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ) – ɤɚɧɞ. ɬɟɯɧ. ɧɚ-

ɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ» ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɉɇɂɉɍ (e-mail: spstf@pstu.ru).

About the authors

Ponomarev Andrey Budimirovich (Perm, Russia) – Doctor of Technics, Professor, Head of Department of Building production and geotechnics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (e-mail: spstf@pstu.ru).

Ofrikhter Vadim Grigorievich (Perm, Russia) – Candidate of Technics, Associate Professor, Department of Building production and geotechnics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (e-mail: spstf@pstu.ru).

ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ 26.03.2013

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ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɉɇɂɉɍ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ. ʋ 2. 2013

ɍȾɄ 550.8.055

Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ, Ⱦ.Ⱥ. Ɍɚɬɶɹɧɧɢɤɨɜ, Ⱥ.ɇ. Ɍɚɬɶɹɧɧɢɤɨɜ

ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ

Ʉ ȼɈɉɊɈɋɍ ɉɊɈȼȿȾȿɇɂə ɂɇɀȿɇȿɊɇɈ-ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɂɁɕɋɄȺɇɂɃ ɇȺ ɍɊȻȺɇɂɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕɏ ɌȿɊɊɂɌɈɊɂəɏ

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɢɡ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɥɢɫɶ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ.

Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ, ɩɥɨɬɧɚɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ, ɦɚɥɨɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. Ʌɸɛɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɧɢɯ. ȼɟɞɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɸɬ ɧɚɦ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ. Ⱥ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɑɚɫɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɵɦɢ. ɂ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɜɟɞɶ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɢ [1].

Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɢ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ: ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɟɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ. ɉɥɨɬɧɚɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɵɟ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɢɧ- ɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ

74

elib.pstu.ru

К вопросу проведения инженерно-геологических изысканий

ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ (ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ) ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ – ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɫɬɟɫɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ [2, 3]. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɋɉ 24.13330.2011 «ɋɜɚɣɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɵ», ɋɉ 22.13330.2011 «Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ», ɋɉ 11-105–97 «ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ» ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ, ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɢ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬɶ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ.

Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɂɨɧɞɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ: ɚ – ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɄɚɦȺɁɚ; ɛ – ɦɚɥɨɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ LWC-100XC

ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1, ɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ – ɡɨɧɞ 1-ɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɩɪɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɭ ɧɟɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ: ɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ, ɧɟɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɱɬɨ ɜɥɟɱɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1, ɛ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ.

75

elib.pstu.ru

Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ, Ⱦ.Ⱥ. Ɍɚɬɶɹɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɇ. Ɍɚɬɶɹɧɧɢɤɨɜ

Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɉɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ: ɚ – ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɄɉɊ-1; ɛ – ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ Ⱥɋɂɋ

ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2, ɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ – ɄɉɊ-1 ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ 1949 ɝ., ɨɧ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɧɟɭɞɨɛɟɧ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɝɪɨɦɨɡɞɤɨɫɬɶɸ, ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2, ɛ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ Ⱥɋɂɋ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ.

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɟɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ, ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɢ ɢ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ.

ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɐɌɂɆɋ «ɆɂɄɋ» ɉɇɂɉɍ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɂɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɡɚɫɵɩɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɭɞɚ; ɧɚ ɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɭ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɐɌɂɆɋ «ɆɂɄɋ» ɢɦɟɥɢɫɶ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɉɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ

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ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɫ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ:

1. Ȼɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɧɚɫɵɩɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ, ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɫ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɦɢ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ (ɪɢɫ. 3). ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɟɧɵ ɥɢɧɡɵ ɥɶɞɚ ɜ ɫɭɝɥɢɧɤɟ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ 3 ɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɟɧɵ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɢ (ɪɢɫ. 4); ɷɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ LWC-100XC (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1, ɛ).

Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ʉɚɪɬɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ

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Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ, Ⱦ.Ⱥ. Ɍɚɬɶɹɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɇ. Ɍɚɬɶɹɧɧɢɤɨɜ

Ɋɢɫ. 4. ɉɚɫɩɨɪɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɬɨɱɤɚ ʋ 5)

78

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Квопросу проведения инженерно-геологических изысканий

2.Ȼɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɯɭɞɲɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ɗɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ LWC100XC (ɪɢɫ. 4), ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɵ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɨɩɵɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɚɦɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ. ȼɫɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɨɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ Ⱥɋɂɋ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɇɉɉ «Ƚɟɨɬɟɤ» ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɐɌɂɆɋ «ɆɂɄɋ».

ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ȼ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɟɳɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɜɲɢɟ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ.

ȼɵɲɟ ɛɵɥ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. Ƚɨɪɨɞ – ɷɬɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ – ɜɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɩɥɟɬɟɧɵ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɧɢɬɶɸ, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɜɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɨ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ɍɠɟ ɧɟ ɨɞɧɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɦ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɟɫɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ (ɩɨɞɜɚɥɵ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ, ɰɟɯɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ).

Ɉɫɟɧɶɸ 2012 ɝ. ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦ ɐɌɂɆɋ «ɆɂɄɋ» ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɪɭɱɟɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ, ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ, ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɥɚ ɤ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ: ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ ɜ ɰɟɯɟ, ɡɚɩɪɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɜɵɯɥɨɩɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ. ɂɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɚɥɨɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1, ɛ), ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɥɸɛɚɹ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɷɬɨ ɛɵ ɩɨɜɥɟɤɥɨ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɫ-

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Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ, Ⱦ.Ⱥ. Ɍɚɬɶɹɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɇ. Ɍɚɬɶɹɧɧɢɤɨɜ

ɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ, ɩɨɢɫɤ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɟɡɞɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ.

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɧɟɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ.

Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ

1.ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɚɪɝɢɥɥɢɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ / Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɤɛɭɥɹɤɨɜ, Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ, ȿ.ɇ. ɋɵɱɤɢɧɚ, Ⱥ.ɘ. ɑɟɪɟɩɚɧɨɜ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɉɟɪɦ. ɧɚɰ. ɢɫɫɥɟɞ. ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɢɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ. – 2012. – ɋ. 7–17.

2.ȼɨɪɨɧɰɨɜ ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢ- ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ: ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ: ɞɢɫ. … ɤɚɧɞ. ɬɟɯɧ. ɧɚɭɤ. – Ɇ., 2002. – 195 ɫ.

3.Ɂɚɯɚɪɨɜ Ɇ.ɋ. ɋɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹɯ: ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / ɋ.-ɉɟɬɟɪɛ. ɝɨɫ. ɚɪɯɢɬ.-ɫɬɪɨɢɬ. ɭɧ-ɬ. – ɋɉɛ., 2007.

A.B. Ponomarev, D.A. Tatyannikov, A.N. Tatyannikov

ON THE ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL

SURVEYS IN URBAN AREAS

In this article the relevant question for the production of engineering-geological surveys in the modern urban environment, as well the problem of obtaining accurate data on the results of engineer- ing-geological surveys. On the issue presented in the paper are examples of practices that the authors have encountered.

Keywords: research, dense urban areas, small-sized equipment, devices with automated data capture, static penetration

ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɯ

ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ Ȼɭɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɢɱ (ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ) – ɞ-ɪ ɬɟɯɧ.

ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ, ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ» ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɉɇɂɉɍ (e-mail: spstf@pstu.ru).

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