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.pdfnocent of Christ’s blood, he washed his hands, according to custom, before the crowd; one who feels pity for the poor and the sick and is ready to help them; the kiss of a traitor (Judas one of the twelve disciples of Jesus Christ, betrayed him: Judas was asked to point out his master so that his enemies could arrest him, and he did this by kissing Jesus); ‘a victory gained at a ruinous loss’ (allusion to the words of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus after the victory over the Romans in 279 B.C. “If we have such another victory we are undone.”); ‘a man devoted or subservient to another’ (like Robinson Crusoe’s servant of that name); ‘a factotum’; ‘a dish too refined for the general public’ (Hamlet, Act II, sc. 2); ‘at a date that will never come’ (the Greeks having no calends); calends – the first day of the Roman month; ‘treachery’ (Punic – relating to Cathaginians, who were regarded by Romans as treacherous, faithless, untrustworthy); ‘to be in debt’, ‘to have financial (money) difficulties’ (Queer Street – an imaginary street where people who are in debt or in trouble live); ‘to be skeptical or critical with regard to something, to doubt the truth of smth.’ (from the Latin cum grano salis); ‘to deceive a person’; ‘to be the boss’ (‘to be the one who gives orders’), comes from the proverb “He who pays the piper calls the tune”; ‘remember this foe ever’; ‘to boast, to indulge in self-advertising’.
7.Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, Richmond.
8.Master of Arts, Corresponding Fellow, Royal Academy of Science, Medicinae Baccalaureus (Lat.) – Bachelor of Medicine, Medicinal Doctor (Lat.) – Doctor of Medicine.
9.Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865). He fell a victim to a conspiracy of the Southerners and was shot at the theatre in Washington by an actor.
10.Something accomplished; proper (applied to the way one behaves); a feat of remarkable skill, look for the woman, letters addressed to a post office, to remain there until called for.
Quiz III
1.a) Mississippi b) Amazon.
2.Luggage van, boot shop, trousers, fellow, whiskey and soda.
3.a) In the City, b) Sir Christofer Wren, a famous English architect, c) In 16711676 in commemoration of the Great Fire of London in September 1666 which destroyed 460 streets.
4.By Roald Amundsen in 1911.
5.a) Virginia in the South (Jamestown in Chesapeake Bay), b) In honour of Queen Elisabeth, a virgin.
6.The ability to turn everything into gold (from a widely known Greek myth about King Midas); the words are the title of a Kipling’s poem and imply the allegedly great mission of the colonizers who bring civilization to undeveloped countries, the ironical nickname given to the English (first used in a pamphlet by J. Arbuthnot); ‘to be a failure, to be pushed aside as weak’ (Romeo and Juliet, Act I, sc. 1), ‘abundance’ (from bibl. Land flowing with milk and honey, comp. Russ. земля, те-
кущая млеком и медом; земля обетованная); ‘to do useless or hopeless work’; ‘the kindness that should be natural to humanity’, ‘sympathy’, ‘generosity’ (a phrase
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from Macbeth, Act I, sc. 5); ‘to surpass Herod in cruelty’, also ‘to outdo smb.’; from Shakespere’s Hamlet, Act III, sc. 2; ‘to please the audience, to evoke wild applause’; ‘there will be no end of trouble’; ‘to watch smb. closely’, ‘wit’; ‘days when one is young and inexperienced’; ‘a gift or a possession one doesn’t know how to get rid of; something that costs more money than it is worth, yet can’t be dispensed with’; ‘to be kind and generous to a person who is ready to do his benefactor deadly injury’.
7.Peary Robert Brown (1856-1920) was the first to reach the North Pole in 1909, April.
8.Medical Officer, Commanding Officer, United Nations Organization, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, Security Council.
9.a) Between Hyde Park Corner and the Serpentine (a lake), b) Rotten Row, parallel to the carriage drive from Hyde Park Corner, c) Rotten Row is a corruption of the French words Route de rois, because the kings used to ride along it.
10.Superior and irresistible force, without preparation, affair of the heart, bad form, that’s all (I can say, all I know or do, etc.).
Quiz IV
1.In Westminster Abbey; contains the busts of and monuments to poets and writers buried here and elsewhere.
2.an appointment, tram, pavement, underground (tube), booking-office.
3.Reynolds, Sir Joshua (1723-1792).
4.a) Piccadilly, b) Broadway.
5.a) New England is part of the northeast section of the USA, b) It is composed of 6 states: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut. c) New England is associated with the early history of the USA.
6.said of a wry smile, a smile intended to conceal one’s disappointment, bitterness and the like; said of a person who is far from being stupid, is not easily deceived or made a fool of; to be mistaken, to be on the wrong track, to blame the wrong person; to go back on one’s words; one must not lose heart (give way to despair); ‘a critical or dangerous situation when a mere trifle may turn out to be a decisive factor’; ‘to try to avert danger, to placate fate by touching a wooden object’; the words belong to a children’s game: touching wood gives one safety (makes one safe from those who try to seize him, to pursue him); ‘a slight sunstoke’; ‘casual meetings (contacts)’. Originally the words were used by Longfellow in the poem Elizabeth. The words have been used for a title of M.Harraden’s novel (1864-1936); ‘to join the army’ (the recruited man was paid a shilling); ‘an unprofitable bargain’
(Dutch has a derogatory meaning in a number of word-combinations, owing to the competition and wars between England and Holland in the 17th century); ‘somebody told me but I’m not going to tell you who it was’ ‘to be a failure’; ‘to be obliged to let smb. else take your place’; ‘to very careful’; ‘to do smth. that will shorten one’s life’; ‘to humble a person’.
7.a) Venice, New York City, Cambridge; b) The Bridge of Sighs, a covered bridge in Venice over which condemned prisoners formerly passed to the place of
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execution; in New York City it is a covered passageway between the Tombs prison and the Criminal Courts building.
8.Grand Old Party (the Republican Party in the USA); Very Important Person; Great Old Man; Post Office; Care of (written on letters before the name of the person through whom the addressee will get the letter).
9.a) Bunker Hill near Boston, Mass., b) Independence Hall, Philadelphia.
10.Joy of life; false step; end of the XIXth century, usually implying “decadent”; for sure, without any risk; a pimple on the face of a young boy or girl.
Quiz V
1.Gainsborough, Thomas (1727-1788); in the Hermitage.
2.Sleeping-car (sleeper); lift; roadway.
3.Bread Street, Honey Lane, Milk Street, Poultry Lane, Ironmonger Lane.
4.a) Judith (bibl.), b) Holofern, c) Aida by G. Verdi; Judith, a picture of a woman with a dagger in her hand, by a painter of Leonardo da Vunci’s school.
5.Huxley, Julian (1887-1975) and Huxley, Aldous (1894-1963) – grandsons of Huxley, Thomas Henry (1825-1895), English biologist and author.
6.‘to play a joke on smb., to deceive smb., so as to make him look a fool’; very friendly; ‘accomplish nothing or not much; have little or no effect or influence’; ‘Forget it! Attach no importance to it’; ‘to be in a difficult position; to handle a delicate matter with skill and tact’; ‘a misfortune that turns out to be a benefit’; ‘to have no definite occupation’; ‘to grow indignant, to fly into a range’; ‘a person who moves from one place to another or who is only temporarily at a given place or in a given country’; ‘to act against one’s interests’; ‘to be short of money’; ‘do as you please’, ‘to achieve the desirable effect’; ‘a bribe’; ‘very friendly’; ‘to get rid of a member of the staff by promoting him’.
7.a) 50 states, the District of Columbia (D.C.), and six territories and dependencies, b) There were only 13 states when the US was formed in 1776.
8.Please turn over (written at the bottom of the page); postscript (anything added to a letter after it has been signed); Before Christ; After Christ; Anno Domini (Lat.) – new era.
9.a) Broadway; b) off-Broadway is often applied to an experimental or noncommercial play or theatre.
10.In essence; at any cost; a person who leads a life of pleasure, beautiful eyes (usually used in the phrase for the beaux yeux), by the way.
Quiz VI
1.a) Arizone; was admitted to the US on St. Valentine’s Day, February 14 in 1912; b) Virginia; seven of the first twelve American Presidents came from Virginia.
2.queue; biscuits; beer; sitting-room.
3.A colossal statue by Sir Richard Westmacott, known as the Achilles Statue erected in 1822; cast from the metal of twelve French cannons captured at Waterloo. It is a copy of one of the famous Horse Tamers in Rome.
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4.1. a) Harley Street, b) Lombard Street. 2. Inner Temple, Middle Temple, Lincoln’s Inn, and Gray’s Inn. These are the four legal societies of London that give barristers the right to practice.
5.In Virginia. Here, in 1865 Robert E. Lee surrendered to U.S. Grant, thus bringing to an end the American Civil War.
6.‘From the most direct and reliable source’, ‘smth. intended to distract attention or to mislead’, ‘(informal) the aristocracy, the privileged section of society’, ‘the bad character in a novel or play, (fig.) the main criminal’, ‘a difficult or dangerous situation’, ‘to humiliate oneself or to be humiliated’, ‘used in answer to an invitation (suggestion, etc.) meaning ‘with pleasure, I’d love to’’, ‘at the very last moment’, ‘I’m the one who is (isn’t) taking the risk (the unpleasant consequences)’; ‘to have smth. unpleasant in store for smb.’; ‘to enjoy a pleasant existence, to be on Easy Street.’; ‘in a situation where one of two courses has to be chosen in action, argument, etc., of which one is as unpleasant as the other’; ‘all dressed up according to the latest fashion’; ‘a person one can’t help hating’ (the words belong to the following poem: “I do not like thee, doctor Fell/The reason why I cannot tell/But this alone I know full well/I do not like the doctor Fell” (Th. Brown, 1663-1704). Th. Brown was a satirist, and the quoted lines were addressed to a certain doctor Fell who had fired him); the phrase is used only ironically for justice; ‘one who risks smth. important for the sake of trifles’.
7.a) The Monument, b) Sir Christofer Wren, c) The Great Fire of London.
8.Intelligence Quotient, a number, indicating the level of a person’s mental development; coeducational (said of the system of educating boys and girls together); in Am. College slang, a coed is a girl student; Great Powers; General Assembly; Government Issue (informal n.pl. an enlisted man in the US Army).
9.It is a variant of “Bone” hill; the place served as a burial ground at the time of the Great Plague of London (14th c.).
10.A witty person, mainly, matter of honour, as it is, in a natural state.
Quiz VII
1.Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945), President of the United States 19321945; reelected for the fourth consecutive term in 1944; died April 12, 1945.
2.a) The National Gallery – a priceless collection of paintings, including works by nearly all the great masters; the special attraction is the many-sided representation of the Italian schools of the 15-16 centuries, especially Florentine painting; b) The National Portrait Gallery – contains portraits of men and women eminent in British history; the finest portraits are in the earlier rooms, including paintings by Reynolds, Gainsborough, Romney, etc.; c) The Tate Gallery – collection of British paintings of all periods and many modern foreign paintings; d) The Wallace Collection – a famous collection of French art (paintings, furniture, clocks, armoury, etc.) which in some points excels that of the Louvre.
3.Louisiana.
4.In 1619 a Dutch warship sold 20 Negroes to Virginia. This was the beginning of Negro slavery in America, which came to be regarded as natural and necessary.
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5.a) Albert Memorial; b) In Kensington Gardens.
6.A phrase used ironically to convey the idea that one flatters a person because the person flatters him’; ‘to be tactless by saying something out of place’; ‘to give a person an unfriendly reception, to ignore him or treat with noticeable disrespect’; ‘to reduce expenditure; to retreat; to show less zeal or activity’; ‘a thing no one wants to buy, not in demand’; ‘appearing or occupying a place in turn’, i.e. a Box and Cox schedule (arrangement, existence, life, etc.); originally title of a comedy by J.M. Morton (1811-1891); ‘taking great risks, the alternative to complete victory being crushing defeat’; more or less synonymous to the preceding phrase, i.e. ‘running great risks, when one is faced with success or complete failure’; (Am.) ‘to fly into a rage’; ‘to be a tremendous success’; ‘to guess right, express the exact truth, hit the mark’; ‘to be unpleasantly surprised to find matters are different from what were expected’; ‘to have or to gain some advantage’ (‘to have better chances’); ‘to prove smb. has been telling lies’; ‘to earn one’s living’; ‘homesickness, nostalgia’ (from the Channel, used by English people); ‘unexpected opponents’ (from Richard III).
7.A counterpart of the House of Commons in Britain in colonial Maryland and Virginia. First met in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619.
8.Prisoner of War; Federal Bureau of Investigation; Central Intelligence Agency; Scotland Yard; District Attorney; Supreme Court; Strategic Arms Limitation Talks.
9.An island off the Atlantic coast of U.S., part of New York City. The western part of Long Island is occupied by industrial and residential areas (Brooklyn and the Queens). In the Eastern part there are parks, beaches and villas of the rich.
10.As one wishes, as one thinks fit (proper); a set of opinions or beliefs, creed (Lat. credo); negligeable quantity, casually.
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Список использованной литературы
1.The New Encyclopedia Britannica // Peter Norton, President and Chief Executive Officer Joseph J. Esposito, President, Publishing Group Chicago, London, New York, etc., 1994.
2.Энциклопедия Википедия : www.wikipedia. com.
3.Головчинская Л.С. Совершенствуйте свой английский: Пособие по раз- витию навыков устной речи: В 5 кн.: Книги 1-5. – М.: ООО «Издательство Ас- трель», ООО «Издательство АСТ», 2001.
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