Возможное КР с диска по инглишу №1

ТЕСТ I

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People have practiced chemistry since ancient times. The Egyptian, Greek, Arabic and Roman cultures contributed to the development of chemistry and pharmacy. But these early developments were empirical. The period of alchemists was the most interesting in the history of chemistry. The word "alchemy" is derived from the Egyptian kem-it (the black) or from the Greek chyma (molten metal). It is believed that the practice of alchemy existed among the Alexandrine Greeks of Egypt. From there it spread to Asia, then to Europe. Alchemists (500-1600) attempted to find a universal solvent to transmute base metals into gold. People valued gold as a beautiful and rare substance. They knew that gold could resist decay and corrosion and thought that its quality could be transmitted to humans. The alchemists were sure that gold would help people fight diseases and prolong life. Therefore every medicine that fought aging contained gold as an essential ingredient. In early times people drank from gold cups to prolong life.

Though the attempts to produce gold from other substances were the main purpose of alchemy, some physician - alchemists tried to produce medicines and spirits from raw materials. Early alchemists investigated and recorded the properties and reactions of many materials. The manipulations they carried out in alchemical laboratories uncovered many facts of nature and laid the foundation of modern chemistry. Unfortunately very few records remained because alchemists did their work secretly.

Alchemy began to decline in the 16th century when Paracelsus (1493-1541), a Swiss physician and revolutionary leader in chemistry condemned the efforts of alchemists to convert cheap metals to gold. He was the first person who united chemistry and medicine. Paracelsus used remedies that contained mercury, iron, sulfur and copper sulfate. Modern chemists and physicists achieved the alchemists'dream. We can convert one metal into another.

1.Нам ничего неизвестно о происхождении слова «алхимик».

2.Сначала алхимики появились в Европе, а потом в Азии,

3.Алхимики использовали золото при изготовлении лекарств.

4.Алхимики были уверены, что золото поможет людям продлить жизнь,

5.Сейчас мы располагаем большим количеством записей древних рецептов.

6.Парацельс выступил против алхимиков.

ТЕСТ II

Укажите нужную форму глагола, пропущенную в предложении.

1.If you ________________ the temperature the water will evaporate.

a)will raise

b)raise

c)raises

2.They will discuss the result when they__________ their experiment.

a)will finish

b)finish

c)will be finished

3.She_________already gathered the necessary material.

a)had

b)has

c)was

4.D.I. Mendeleyev____________ his first description of the Periodic system in March of 1869.

a)had published

b)publish

c)published

5.Since the time of Dalton, knowledge of chemistry____________ advanced

greatly.

a)was

b)had

c)has

6.Thousands of years ago people_________ how to obtain many useful materials.

a)know

b)knew

c)were knowing

ТЕСТ III

Выберите правильный вариант перевода подчеркнутой части предложения.

1.It is clear enough that matter occupies space.

a)это понятно

b)понятно

c)поняли

2.This plant supplies medical equipment

a)Медицинское оборудование завозится на завод.

b)Медицинское оборудование изготовили на заводе.

c)Завод поставляет медицинское оборудование.

3.The freezing points of no polar substances are usually much lower than polar substances.

a)гораздо ниже

b)ниже

c)такой же низкий

4.They have learnt everything about metals and metalloids.

a)Они узнали все о...

b)У них есть все о...

c)Они узнают все о...

5.I will ask him about it when he comes.

a)... когда он приходит

b)... когда он придет

c)...если он придет

6.Pharmacy students studied inorganic chemistry.

a)изучают

b)изучали

c)будут изучать

ТЕСТ IV

Укажите перевод подчеркнутых слов.

1. Mean values were within normal range.

а) средний b) середина с) значение

2. M.V. Lomonosov introduced a number of terms into the Russian language.

a)ряд

b)большое количество

c)мало

3.One must know all the properties of the substance.

a)один

b)не переводится

c)любой

4.This is the only medicine that will help her.

a)тот самый

b)только

c)единственный

5. The establishment of new research centers will further the development of science.

a)дальнейший

b)способствовать

c)далее

6.That she has become a good chemist is due to her hard work.

a)то, что

b)что

c)который

TECTV

Подберите к каждому определению соответствующий термин.

1.A tabular arrangement of the elements based on the periodic law.

a)periodic table

b)graph

c)scheme

2.People who wanted to convert cheap base metals into gold.

a)doctor

b)chemist

c)alchemist

3.A branch of chemistry studying the compounds which do not contain hydrocarbon but it includes the oxides and sulfides of carbon.

a)inorganic chemistry

b)organic chemistry

c)biochemistry

4.Any of certain elements having some but not all of the properties of a metal.

a)solid

b)crystal

c)metalloid

5.That of which a thing consists of or is made up; matter, material.

a)substance

b)element

c)gas

6.The act or process of burning; the rapid oxidation of any substance accompanied by the production of heat and light.

a)dissociation

b)absorption

c)combustion

МОСКОВСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ им. И.М. СЕЧЕНОВА

Кафедра иностранных языков

Контрольная работа №1 для студентов I курса заочного отделения фармацевтического факультета

Вариант 8

Москва, 2004

ТЕСТ I.

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One of the cornerstones of modern chemical theory is Periodic Law. It can simply be stated as follows: The properties of the elements are a periodic function of the nuclear changes of their atoms. D.I. Mendeleyev was firmly convinced that all the chemical elements must be regularly interrelated. He published his first description of the Periodic System in March of 1869. Mendeleyev realized the importance of this periodicity. He pointed out the similarities of a number of properties of some elements and changed the order of atomic weights where necessary. Mendeleyev arranged all the elements in order of increasing atomic weights and found that elements chemically similar to each other occur at regular intervals and that identical properties repeat themselves periodically throughout the series of the elements. D.I. Mendeleyev published a more comprehensive work in 1871 and called it Periodic Law. At first the Periodic Law was received very coldly. There were several vacant spaces in Mendeleyev's periodic table. This allowed him to predict the existence of six undiscovered elements (scandium, gallium, germanium, polonium, etc.). His confidence in the new classification was expressed in the prediction he made of the chemical properties of these missing elements. Mendeleyev’s predictions came true. And within fifteen years gallium, scandium and germanium were discovered. First a new element, gallium, was discovered. It possessed all the properties predicted by Mendeleyev for the so-called "eka-aluminium". Soon in Sweden Nilson discovered scandium which possessed the properties of "eka-boron". Some years later Winkler discovered the element germanium. Mendeleyev had named the element eka-silikon".

The periodic table has been modified hundreds of times. Many new discoveries, isotopes, rare gases, atomic numbers have strengthened the idea of periodicity of the properties of the elements.

1.Впервые результаты исследования были опубликованы в 1871г.

2.Д.И. Менделеев распределил элементы в порядке возрастания атомного веса.

3.Многие ученые доброжелательно отнеслись к исследованиям Д.И. Менделеева.

4.Некоторые химические элементы были открыты в течение 15 лет.

5.Д.И. Менделеев предвидел открытие определенных химических элементов.

6.Д.И. Менделееву не удалось описать свойства отсутствующих химических элементов.

ТЕСТ II

Укажите нужную форму глагола, пропущенную в предложении.

1.They will discuss the result when they ______________their experiment.

a)will finish

b)finish

c)will be finished

2.D.I. Mendeleyev_____________ his first description of the Periodic system in March of 1869.

a)had published

b)publish

c)published

3.Where are they? They _________________an experiment now.

a)carry out

b)carried out

c)are carrying out

4.Thousands of years ago people_________________ how to obtain many useful materials.

a)know

b)knew

c)were knowing

5.By two o'clock yesterday the teacher___________________all the students

a)examined

b)had examined

c)was examining

6.The number of new synthetic products produced by our chemists ______ increased lately.

a)had

b)has

c)have

1.It is known that oxygen is essential for respiration.

a)известно...

b)это известно...

c)мы знаем...

2.Of all the metals iron is the most important one.

a). самый важный

b)важный

c)более важный, чем другой металл.

3.This experiment is as interesting as the previous one.

a)интереснее

b)такой же интересный

c)интересный

4.Pharmacy students studied inorganic chemistry.

a)изучают

b)изучали

c)будут изучать

5.This plant supplies medical equipment.

a)Медицинское оборудование завозится на завод.

b)Медицинское оборудование изготовили на заводе.

c)Завод поставляет медицинское оборудование.

6.They could not obtain the matter in three states.

a)не могли получить

b)получили

c)можно получить

ТЕСТ IV Укажите перевод подчеркнутых слов.

1.M.V. Lomonosov introduced a number of terms into the Russian language.

a)ряд

b)большое количество

c)мало

2.Since we know all properties of the substance, we can use it in our experiment.

a)так как

b)из-за

c)с тех пор...

3.One must know all the properties of the substance.

a)один

b)не переводится

c)любой

4.The establishment of new research centers will further the development of science.

a)дальнейший

b)способствовать

c)далее

5. Aluminium as well as copper are the best conductors of electricity.

a)так же как

b)так же хорошо как

c)хороший

6.It should be mentioned that metals in solid state are crystalline.

a)это

b)не переводится

c)он