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ББК 81.432.1

Литвинова, Л. А. Английский язык [Текст] : методические указания для самостоятельной работы студентов 1 курса специальности 250203 – Садовопарковое и ландшафтное строительство / Л. А. Литвинова ; М-во образования и науки РФ, ГОУ ВПО «ВГЛТА». – Воронеж, 2010. – 20 с.

Печатается по решению учебно-методического совета ГОУ ВПО «ВГЛТА» (протокол № 10 от 18 июня 2008 г.)

Рецензент канд. филол. наук, доц. кафедры английского языка ВГПУ Т.Р. Аникеева

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UNIT 1

Garden Styles

Environmental Gardening

Environmental gardening emerged. Some of the decade’s liveliest debates included native vs. the all-American lawn, and organics vs. pesticides. The term Xeriscaping was coined, referring to drought-tolerant landscapes that help conserve water. Recycling efforts materialized in fences, containers, paths, chairs, and sheds. Gardeners understood that a healthy garden was home to birds, butterflies, bees, and other wildlife – although we usually drew the line at deer.

Container gardening

Container gardening grew along with demand for new plants that thrive in pots. Manufacturers responded to the trend with self-watering systems, special potting soils, and plastic pots almost indistinguishable from the real thing .

Water gardens

Water gardens remained popular, although we now know excavating the backyard is not necessary. A simple fountain or container water feature will suffice.

Kitchen Garden

Kitchen garden enjoyed a resurgence, with striking designs and an emphasis on salad crops and heirloom tomatoes.(to be continued)

1.Read the text.

2.Put a question to every style of a garden.

UNIT 2

Garden Styles

Cottage Garden

Cottage gardens reflected many of the content trends, including a preference for fragrance, a renewed enthusiasm for heirlooms (especially annual flowers and vegetables), and a desire for herbs in the landscape.

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Sanctuary Gardens

Sanctuary gardens developed, mixing symbolism from different cultures (Tibetian prayer flags, Zen water features) to create a nurturing that revives both body and spirit.

Shade Gardening

Shade gardening grew as trees got larger and yard space got smaller. Several nurseries began specializing for shade.

Low-Maintenance Gardens

Low-maintenance gardens appealed to the time-crunched and those who desired more time to relax and enjoy their gardens. Gardeners looked for plants described as easy-care, long-blooming, drought-tolerant, and disease-resistant.

Personal-Style Gardening

Personal-style gardening captured a gardener’s imagination and sense of humor. More then a collection of flamingos (although there are making a comeback), personal style is about using a few old garden tools as an arbor or farm-machinery disks as stepping stones.

1.Read the text.

2.Find a pivot of every garden style.

3.Give the Russian equivalents:

-heirlooms

-annual(s)

-biannual(s)

-perennial(s)

-nursery

-to specialize for shade

-to enjoy the garden

-to use old (things) tools

-to maintain the garden

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4.Give the English equivalents: - ароматный, сильный запах - пряные травы - питомник - разбивать сад

- личный, индивидуальный стиль в садоводстве - садовые инструменты

5.Find the adjectives in the text to characterize the plants.

6.What types of garden plants can you find in the text?

7.Find different plants in a dictionary:

8. How many garden styles do you know?

UNIT 3

Planning your garden

Tailor your gardening projects to fit the time you have available. Gardening should be fun! Whether you enjoy pottering around for hours or prefer easy-and

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quick, instant results, such as a container planting, use the projects to help you plan your garden so that you get the maximum enjoyment out of it.

Design the garden that suits your needs. Rather than being a slave to other people’s ideas of what a garden should be, make sure that your garden fits in your own tastes and lifestyle. Whether you want to be a horticultural showpiece with herbaceous borders or a place to relax and enjoy the sunshine is entirely your decision. Here are the main aspects you are to pay attention to: (to be continued).

1.Read the text.

2.Find the terms in passage 1.

3.Find the terms in passage 2.

4.Answer the questions in the written form:

1)What is the most important factor to design your own garden?

2)What helps to plan a garden?

3)How should you design a garden?

4)What types of gardens can you find in the text?

5.Translate into Russian:

1)You may choose any garden style to fit in your own lifestyle.

2)Not every garden is a horticultural showpiece.

3)Gardening projects should correspond to the time you have available.

4)You should enjoy the gardening!

6. Make word combinations with the verbs: to design –

to enjoy – to tailor – to fit –

to pay – to make – to get –

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7. Listen to the sentences twice to translate them into Russian:

1)Before developing any garden style, you are to plan a garden.

2)Gardeners should design their gardens to fit their free time.

3)Your garden shouldn’t be a horticultural showpiece, if you do not like the idea.

4)People must enjoy creating their own garden style.

5)You may use different projects to plan your garden.

6)Time-crunched people prefer easy-and-quick results in gardening.

7)Your own taste, free time and imagination will help to plan your garden.

8)Your garden can be a simple place to relax and to enjoy the suntan.

UNIT 4

Improving your soil

Soil’s characteristics may limit the plants you can choose for your garden. There are a lot of things you can do to improve the soil. Soil that contains the correct balance of water, air, and nutrients will reduce the amount of maintenance you need to do and improve the performance of your plants.

Home-made compost is the most effective and economic type of soil improver. Many materials from the garden and home can be recycled into garden compost. Here are the most useful:

•fruit and vegetable waste; cooked or raw, tea leaves, coffee grinds, egg shells.

•Newspaper or cardboard, shred and wet to help them break down.

•Green pruning; from bedding plants, deadheading, cutting down herbaceous plants. Woody pruning should be shredded first.

•Dead leaves can be added in small quantities. Hay, dry grass; grass clippings are suitable if dried first or mixed with other material.

•Nettles are useful for activating the compost.

1.Read the text.

2.Find the international words in passage 1.

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3. Find the international words in passage 2.

4.What are the terms in passages 1, 2?

5.What are the English equivalents for: - почвенные характеристики; - улучшать почву; - содержать воду и воздух;

- правильное соотношение воды, воздуха и питательных веществ; - уход; - компост;

- почвенное удобрение; - переработать в садовый компост; - отход(ы);

- срезать травянистые растения; - крапива;

- ускорять процесс гниения в компосте?

6.Answer the questions in the written form:

1)What part does the soil play?

2)What can you do if the soil characteristics are poor?

3)What is good soil?

4)Is the compost a soil improver?

5)How should you prepare a compost?

UNIT 5

Mulching

A bed of wood chips or coarse organic mulch around a tree’s base greatly increases root and tree health. Maintain a mulch bed around all newly planted and existing trees that extends several feet from the trunk; wider is better. Mulch should be 3 to 4 inches deep and should be renewed as it breaks down. Keep mulch a couple of inches away from the base of the trunk to avoid root or trunk decay. Air tight plastic sheeting and rock beds should not be used around the trees. Porous weed

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barriers of woven or matted plastic provide effective weed control but can be difficult to install and maintain and are not much more effective than an adequate organic mulch layer.

Mulching is covering the surface of the soil with appropriate organic or inorganic material. Mulching prevents moisture from evaporating from the soil surface and prevents weeds from growing. So it can save time on weeding and watering throughout the growing season.

The best time to apply mulch is when the soil is warm and contains plenty of moisture. One drawback of mulch is that if it is applied to cold soil, it acts as an insulator; the soil remains cold.

1.Read the text.

2.Find the terms in the text.

3.Answer the questions in the written form:

1)What is the difference between mulch and mulching?

2)How does mulch work?

3)When should you apply mulch?

4)Why should not you apply mulch to cold soil?

4. Which verb is to be used with the following nouns:

Mulch; time; moisture; surface; (to cover; to save; to apply; to contain)

5.What are the English equivalents for: - сорная трава; - прополка;

- вегетационный период; - недостаток, минус; - изоляционный материал?

6.Translate into English:

1.Мульча покрывает поверхность почвы и не дает влаге испаряться.

2.Мульча препятствует росту сорняков.

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3.Не следует мульчировать почву ранней весной.

4.Мульча препятствует прогреванию почвы, и это является ее недостатком.

5.Мульчирование экономит время на прополке сорняков.

6.У каждого растения свой вегетационный период.

UNIT 6

1. Mind the terms:

Watering equipment, new planted/mature trees, shrubs, herbs, a lawn, to reduce/minimize evaporation.

Watering

When watering your garden concentrate your efforts on watering the plants that need it most. Have a good watering equipment to make the task easy.

Water new planted trees as their roots have not developed sufficiently to seek out water deep in the soil.

Herbs, mature trees, shrubs, and perennials should be able to cope during dry spells without watering. Lawns revive when it rains, so they are not a priority.

Reduce evaporating of water from the soil surface by applying mulch in spring. Watering early in the morning or early evening, when the sun is low in the sky, also helps minimize evaporation.

2.Read the text.

3.What is the difference between “water”, “watering”, “to water”?

4.Translate passages 3, 4 in the written form.

5.Answer the questions:

1)What plants can seek out water deep in the soil?

2)What plants are priorities in watering?