Сидоркина Е.В. Английский язык для юристов. Ч. 2
.pdf8. prosecution |
h) the criminal act of setting fire to property |
9. community |
i) to fabricate by false imitation |
10. omission |
j) something of great worth |
11. bigamist |
k) a person who marries illegally |
12. divorce |
l) leaving something undone |
5. Find synonyms for the following words:
1. distinction |
a) offence |
2. treason |
b) ban |
3. cost |
c) jail |
4. government |
d) debate |
5. crime |
e) lawful |
6. violation |
f) betrayal |
7. prison |
g) assassination |
8. murder |
h) expenses |
9. forbid |
i) administration |
10. legal |
j) difference |
11. dispute |
k) infringement |
6. Complete the sentences using the proper words in the box:
fine |
law |
arson |
community |
plaintiff |
procedures |
accident |
felony |
crimes |
forbids |
defendant |
|
1.This is the forth fire recently. The police suspect __________.
2.Current information as to what the state commands is an underlined principle of criminal ____________.
3.There were many differences in the procedure of the courts according to whether the charge was _____________ or misdemeanour.
4.He was seriously injured in a road ____________.
5.Felonies are ____________ generally punishable with death.
6.The law ____________any criminal activity.
7.An English criminal court can force a ________________ to pay a
_____________ as a punishment.
8.Common law defines as crimes those offences considered most harmful to
_____________.
9._____________ is a person who brings an action of law.
10.Most countries make a clear distinction between civil and criminal-
__________.
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7. Make some word-combinations from the following words:
1.a crime
2.to prepare, to commit, to investigate, to confess to;
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1+2
1.a law
2.to pass, to break, to observe, to enforce
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1+2
1.a case
2.to win, to solve, to consider, to plead
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1+2
1.a sentence
2.to carry out, to pass, to reduce, to vacate
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1+2
8. Make up two sentences using the phrases above:
Example: The court will not consider this case.
9. Here are some more crimes. Complete the table. Translate the words into Russian:
Crime |
Criminal |
Verb |
terrorism |
terrorist |
terrorize |
bribery |
|
|
smuggling |
|
|
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blackmail
robbery
forgery
pickpocketing
drug-dealing
arson
assault
Fill in the blanks with one of the words from the table above:
1.The secretary knew a lot about her boss and threaten him with________.
2.HО ИИИИИИИИИ $100 ЛКЧФЧШЭО КЧН аКЬ ЬОЧЭОЧМОН ЭШ ЭаШ вОКЫЬ’
imprisonment.
3.There are a lot of ___________ in crowded tourist areas, so look after your belongings.
4.He was caught on the frontier between two countries and accused of
________ Swiss watches into England.
5.Some __________ set fire to the hotel.
6.___________is a person who sells and buys drugs illegally.
7.Yesterday was committed an act of _____________ for political reasons.
8.Bank _________ might involve careful planning in order to steal some
things.
10.Match the following crimes on their left with the definitions on the
right:
1. white-collar crime |
a) taking life of human being illegally but not |
|
intentionally |
2. murder |
b) the willful killing with malice |
3. manslaughter |
c) taking control of a plane |
4. assault |
d) crimes committed by officials |
5. larceny |
e) a violent physical or verbal attack |
6. robbery |
f) an act of making false document, money, etc. |
7. fraud |
g) breaking into a dwelling with intent to |
|
commit a felony |
8. burglary |
h) a physical removal of an object without |
|
consent of the owner |
9. forgery |
i) obtaining some property with consent of the |
|
owner, as a result of deception |
10. assassination |
j) a commission of theft with violence |
11. shoplifting |
k) a murder for a reward or political reasons |
12. smuggling |
l) stealing from shops while acting as an |
|
ordinary customer |
13. hijacking |
m) bringing goods into a country illegally |
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11. Find crimes to the pictures from the list below:
arson, car theft, burglary, explosion, fight, assault and battery, robbery, shop-lifting, pick pocketing, murder, seizure of hostages, smuggling
COMPREHENSION
12. Say if the following statements are true or false. Comment on the true statements and correct the false ones:
1.Any kind of court may deal with any kind of offence.
2.The common law originally divided crimes into three categories: misdemeanours, felonies and arrestable offences.
3.Felonies are generally punishable with imprisonment.
4.The subject of a crime is any person who commits a crime.
5.Criminal law does not regard as a crime an act or omission which is not dangerous to society.
6.In Anglo-American law the party bringing a criminal action is called the
plaintiff.
7.Misdemeanours are generally punishable with death.
8.Large cities with all their problems such as poverty, unemployment may not have a higher crime rate.
9.In English tradition, murder was defined as the unwilled killing.
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10.All manslaughters are committed spontaneously as a result of quarrels or provocation.
11.Burglary is the crime of breaking of breaking into a dwelling by night with the intent to commit a serious crime such as murder.
12.Robbery is the commission of the theft without violence.
13.Theft is a practice of hypnotizing people in the street.
14.Crimes committed by business people, politicians are known as capital
crimes.
15.Malice is essential element of manslaughter.
13. Match the words from the box with the definitions below.
drug smuggling |
shop-lifting |
fraud |
hijacking |
kidnapping |
arson |
pickpocketing |
mugging |
theft |
a)they broke the window of his car and stole the radio;
b)they sold paintings that they knew weren't genuine masterpieces;
c)they illegally carried drugs into another country;
d)they held a pistol at the pilot's head and he had to do what they said;
e)they set fire to the hotel;
f)they took some things off the shelves and left the supermarket without paying for them;
g)they took away the rich man's son and asked him for a lot of
money;
h)they hit the man on the head as he was walking along the street, and stole all his money and credit cards;
i)they took her purse out of her handbag as she was standing on the crowded platform waiting for the train.
14. Read and translate short stories and guess what kind of crime was committed:
In July 2008 Lady Isabel Barnett, a well-known TV personality was convicted of stealing a tin of tuna fish and a tube of mustard from a small shop. She was fined 75 pounds and had to pay 200 pounds towards the cost of the case.
In 2007 a drunk walked into a store. When the manager asked him to leave, the drunk assaulted him, knocking out a tooth. A policeman who arrived and tried to stop the fight had his jaw broken. The drunk was fined 10 pounds.
In 1952 two youths in Mitcham, London, decided to rob a diary. They were Christopher Craig, aged 16, and Derek William, 19. During the robbery they were disturbed by a policeman. Craig killed the policeman. At that time Britain still had the death penalty for certain types of murder, including murder during a robbery.
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Because Craig was under 18, he was sentenced to life imprisonment. William, who had never touched the gun, was over 18. He was hanged in 1953. The case was quoted by opponents of capital punishment, which was abolished in 1965.
An Australian couple were kidnapped and kept for one month while their captors demanded large sum of money for their release.
Stanley and Penny Walters were having breakfast on a holiday weekend just before setting on a trip, when two masked men broke into their
home, tied them up and blindfolded them.
Bernard Lewis, a thirty-six-old man, while preparing dinner became involved in an argument with his drunken wife. In a fit of a rage Lewis, using the kitchen knife with which he had been
preparing the meal, stabbed and killed his wife. He immediately called for assistance, and readily confessed when the first patrolman appeared on the scene with the ambulance attendant.
This is an example of a civil case rather than a criminal one.
A ЦКЧ СКН ЭКФОЧ ШЮЭ КЧ ТЧЬЮЫКЧМО ЩШХТМв ШП £100,000 ШЧ СТЬ ХТПО.
The policy was due to expire at 3 o’clock on a certain day. The man was in serious financial difficulties, and at 2.30 on the expired day he consulted his solicitor. He then went out and called a taxi. He asked the driver to make a note of the time, 2.50. He
then shot himself. Suicide used not to cancel an insurance policy automatically. (It does nowadays.) The company refused to pay the man’s wife, and the courts supported them.
15. Choose the correct alternative in each case to complete the sentence:
1.____________ is a killing for political reasons. a) murder
b) homicide
c) assassination d) manslaughter e) assault
2.Breaking a dwelling and entering it with intention of committing a crime constitutes a crime of _____________.
a) larceny b) theft
c) burglary d) robbery e) stealing
3.White - collar crimes are committed by _____________.
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a)workers
b)policemen
c)officials
d)terrorists
e)bigamist
4. A number of statutes define as __________ an extortion of money or something of value from an individual by threats.
a)forgery
b)bribery
c)corruption
d)blackmail
e)fraud
5. If a homicide is not a murder, it ordinary constitutes__________.
a)killing
b)assassination
c)manslaughter
d)felony
e)carnage
DISCUSSION
16. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
1.What makes some people become criminals? Discuss the following possible reasons:
a) poverty
b) upbringing
c) lack of education d) unemployment
2.What kinds of crimes can you think of? Name them.
3.Which of the crimes named above can be prevented? What do you think?
How?
4.What do you think is the worst crime a person could commit? Why?
5.What kinds of crimes are most common in your country?
17. Answer the following questions:
1.What is a crime?
2.What categories did the common law originally divide crimes into?
3.What crimes are generally punishable with death?
4.What is the corpus delicti?
5.What is an object of a crime?
6.Name some examples of an immediate object?
7.Who is a subject of a crime?
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8.What kinds of cases decide courts?
9.Is there any distinction between civil and criminal procedure?
10.What was murder defined as English tradition?
11.What is the difference between murder and manslaughter?
12.What is the commission of theft in circumstances of violence?
13.What distinction did the common law make between theft and fraud?
14.Who commits white-collar crimes?
18. Translate the following dialogues into English and then continue them:
1. – , ?
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….. |
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2. |
– |
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– |
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, |
. |
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, |
…… |
3. – |
|
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? |
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– |
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, |
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. |
– |
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, |
….. |
4. |
– |
, |
– |
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. |
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: |
– |
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– |
. |
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….. |
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19. Combine the whole information of the unit and make a topic about crime and criminal procedure.
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READING
1. Read and translate the following international words:
to rehabilitate |
academics |
authority |
to reform |
to detect |
international |
to assist |
to compensate |
injection |
phenomenon |
opponent |
barbaric |
to prevent |
debate |
to utilize |
execution |
humane |
to vary |
campaign |
uncivilized |
tendency |
gassing |
electrocution |
to correct |
2. Read and translate the text. While reading the text try to find answers to these questions:
-What does it mean «to rehabilitate an offender»?
-What penalties are there?
PUNISHMENT
Punishment describes the imposition by some authority of a deprivation - usually painful - on a person who has violated a law, a
rule, or other norm. The purpose of punishment is to reform the
ШППОЧНОЫ, ЭШ МШЫЫОМЭ ЭСО ШППОЧНОЫ’Ь ЦШЫКХ attitudes and anti-social behaviour and to rehabilitate him or her. It means to assist the offender to return to normal life. What is more it warns other people of breaking the law and so prevents them from doing so. There are civil and
criminal penalties. The most common punishment in civil cases is a fine. Besides that specific performance and injunctions may be ordered. In addition, fines can be used for not very serious criminal offences. More than that in some countries community service is available as another kind of punishment. It means a certain amount of unpaid work. The usual punishment for more serious crimes is imprisonment. The idea of imprisonment as a form of punishment is relatively modern. Until the late 18th century, prisons were used for confinement of debtors and waiting for death or transportation. It should be noted that the term of sentences varies from a few days to a life-time. It is well-known that in many countries living conditions in prison are different. For example, in some countries, such as the Netherlands, they are fairly good because deprivation of liberty is considered to be punishment in itself. But in other countries, conditions are very bad. Probably it depends on different reasons: an increase in crime or more and longer sentences of imprisonment. There is also corporal (physical) punishment in some countries (in Asia and in Africa). The ultimate penalty is death (capital punishment). It is abolished in 62 countries, but
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most countries still have a death penalty. The UN (United Nations) has declared itself in favour of abolition. This issue is now the focus of great debate.
Vocabulary notes:
1.deprivation of liberty –
2.imposition –
3.purpose –
4.attitude –
5. |
to warn – |
, |
|
|
6. |
penalty – |
|
|
|
7. |
fine – |
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|
|
8. |
injunction – |
, |
, |
. |
9.community service –
10.available –
11.imprisonment –
12. confinement – |
, |
|
13. debtor – |
|
|
14. Fairly – |
, |
|
15. an increase |
in crime – |
, |
16. corporal – |
|
|
17. to be abolished – |
ё |
|
18.death penalty –
19.in favour of –
VOCABULARY WORK
3. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Russian wordcombinations given below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
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