1458
.pdf
: ,
, , .
-
. 2.13, ).
:
y(t) = x(t – ). |
(2.68) |
|
|
W(p) = e- p. |
(2.69) |
( . 2.13, ) |
|
h(t) = 1(t – ). |
(2.70) |
( . 2.13, ) |
|
A 1; |
(2.71) |
L 0 ; |
(2.72) |
. |
(2.73) |
h(t) |
) |
|
x = 1(t) 
|
0 |
|
|
t |
|
|
|
|
|
|
) |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
L, |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
jV( ) |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
lg |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
U( ) |
|||||
|
|
||||||
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
lg |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
||||
|
= – |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
||||
|
. 2.13. : |
|
|
|
|||
|
) ; ) ; ) |
|
|
|
|||
40
( . 2.13, )
( . . 3.6 . 3.7)
W j e j cos j sin . |
(2.74) |
: ,
.
x K.
, . . .
:
|
|
t |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
y K xdt . |
(2.75) |
|||||||||||
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
W p |
K |
. |
|
|
|
(2.76) |
||||||
p |
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
( . 2.14, ) |
|
|||||||||||
|
h(t)=K t. |
|
|
|
|
(2.77) |
||||||
( . 2.14, ) |
|
|||||||||||
A |
K |
|
; |
|
|
|
(2.78) |
|||||
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
L 20 lg |
K |
20 lg K 20 lg ; |
(2.79) |
|||||||||
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
arctg( |
K |
) |
|
. |
(2.80) |
|||||||
|
|
|||||||||||
0 |
|
2 |
|
|
||||||||
( . 2.14, ) -
,
jV( ):
W j j |
K |
. |
(2.81) |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
-
-
,
, – .
41
|
h(t) |
|
) |
|
|
|
|
|
x = 1(t) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
L, |
arctgK |
t |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
) |
|
|
|
|
) |
|
|
jV( ) |
|
|
|
|||
20lg K |
|
|
|
||||
– 20 |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
||||
0 |
|
lg |
|
|
|
|
|
= 1 |
= K |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
, |
|
|
0 |
|
+ |
U( ) |
|
|
|
|
|||||
0 |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
lg |
|
|
|
|
||
– /2 |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. 2.14. :) ; ) ; )
x. K -
.
:
y K |
dx |
. |
(2.82) |
|
|||
|
dt |
|
|
|
|
||
W p Kp . |
(2.83) |
||
. 2.15, ) (2.53)
h(t) K (t) . |
(2.84) |
( . 2.15, ) |
|
A K ; |
(2.85) |
42
L 20 lg K 20 lg K 20 lg ; |
(2.86) |
|||||
|
K |
|
|
|
|
|
arctg |
|
|
|
|
. |
(2.87) |
|
2 |
|||||
|
0 |
|
|
|
||
( . 2.15, ) -
,
jV( ):
W j jK . |
(2.88) |
h(t)
)
x = 1(t)
|
|
|
|
t |
|
L, |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
) |
|
|
) |
|
|
jV( ) |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
||
20lg K |
|
|
+20 |
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
lg |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
= 1 |
|
|
|||
, |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
0 |
U( ) |
|
/2 |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 
lg
. 2.15. :) ; ) ; )
-
:
I C |
dU |
; |
(2.89) |
|
|||
|
dt |
|
|
43
U L |
dI |
. |
(2.90) |
|
|||
|
dt |
|
|
,
.
:
T |
dy |
y K |
dx |
. |
(2.91) |
|||
|
|
|
||||||
|
dt |
|
dt |
|
||||
|
Kp |
|
|
|
||||
W p |
. |
(2.92) |
||||||
|
||||||||
|
|
|
Tp 1 |
|
||||
, -
-
, ,
. |
2.16, ) |
|
|||||
|
( . |
, |
|||||
x(t) = 1(t) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K |
|
t |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|||||
h(t) |
|
|
e |
T |
. |
(2.93) |
|
T |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( . 2.16, )
A( ) |
K |
; |
(2.94) |
|||
T 2 2 |
||||||
|
1 |
|
||||
L 20 lg K 20 lg |
T 2 2 1; |
(2.95) |
||||
|
|
1 |
|
|||
arctg |
|
|
. |
(2.96) |
||
|
|
|||||
|
T |
|
||||
( . 2.16, ) -
, -
U( ) jV( ):
W j |
KT 2 |
|
j |
K |
|
. |
(2.97) |
|
T 2 2 |
|
|||||
T 2 2 1 |
|
1 |
|
||||
44
h(t)
)
K T
|
0 |
|
+20 |
t 3T |
|
L, |
) |
|
20lg K/T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
lg |
|
0 = 1/T |
|
= 1/K |
|
|
,
/2
/4
lg
0
t
)
jV( )
0 +
0 |
K U( ) |
|
T |
. 2.16. :) ; ) , ; )
T
x K.
:
T |
dy |
y Kx . |
(2.98) |
||
|
|||||
|
dt |
|
|||
|
|
||||
W p |
K |
. |
(2.99) |
||
|
|||||
|
|
Tp 1 |
|
||
( . 2.17, ),
(2.98), , x(t) = 1(t)
t |
(2.100) |
h(t) K (1 e T ) . |
45
( . 2.17, )
A( ) |
K |
; |
(2.101) |
|
T 2 2 |
||||
|
1 |
|
||
L 20 lg K 20 lg |
1 T 2 2 ; |
(2.102) |
||
arctg(T ) . |
(2.103) |
|||
( . 2.17, ) -
, U( )
jV( ):
W j |
K |
|
|
j |
KT |
|
. |
(2.104) |
|
2 2 |
1 |
2 2 |
1 |
||||||
|
T |
|
T |
|
|
||||
. 2.17 .
L,
20lg K
0
,
0
–/4
–/2
h(t) |
) |
K |
|
0,632K
0 |
|
t |
|
|
||
|
T |
t 3T |
|
|
||
|
|
|
) |
|
|
|
) |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
jV( ) |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
– 20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
lg |
|
|
K |
|
|
0 = 1/T |
= K/T |
0 |
|
|
U( ) |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
+ |
0 |
|
|
|
lg |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. 2.17. :) ; ) , ; )
46
-T1 T2 x K.
:
T 2 |
d 2 y |
T |
dy |
y Kx . |
(2.105) |
|
|
||||
1 dt 2 |
2 |
dt |
|
||
W ( p) |
|
K |
|
|
K |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
(2.106) |
|
T 2 p2 |
T p 1 |
T 2 p2 |
2 T p 1 |
|||||
1 |
2 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
||
( . 2.18, )
|
2 2 |
e |
t |
|
|
t arctg |
|
(2.107) |
h(t) K 1 |
|
|
sin |
, |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
T2 |
|
, |
|
|
(2.108) |
|
|
2T 2 |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4T 2 |
T 2 |
(2.109) |
1 |
2 . |
||
|
2T 2 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
– ( )
|
T2 |
. |
(2.110) |
|
|||
|
2T1 |
|
|
, , < 1.
1,
, .
( . 2.18, )
A( ) |
|
K |
|
; |
|
(2.111) |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
1 T 2 2 2 T 2 2 |
|
|
|||
|
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
L 20 lg K 20 lg |
1 T 2 2 |
2 |
T 2 2 |
; |
(2.112) |
|
|
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
47
|
|
|
T |
|
|
arctg |
|
|
2 |
. |
(2.113) |
1 |
|
||||
|
T 2 2 |
|
|||
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
( . 2.18, ) -
, U( )
jV( ):
W j |
|
K 1 T 2 2 |
|
|
|
KT |
|
||
|
|
1 |
|
j |
|
|
2 |
. (2.114) |
|
1 |
T 2 2 |
T 2 2 |
1 |
T 2 2 |
T 2 2 |
||||
|
|
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
2 |
|
. 2.18 .
h(t) |
T1 < 2T2 |
) |
|
|
K
L,
20lg K
0
,
0
–/2
–
|
|
T1 2T2 |
|
0 |
t |
|
|
|
) |
|
) |
0 
1 2 2
jV( )
-
– 40
lg |
|
|
K |
|
0= 1/T1 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
U( ) |
|||
|
|
|
||
lg |
|
0 |
|
|
+ |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
. 2.18. :) ; ) , ; )
48
. ,
-
.
-
( . . 5.3).
x K .
:
|
y |
K |
dx |
|
K |
. |
(2.115) |
T |
|
|
|||||
|
dt T |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W p K Tp 1 . |
(2.116) |
||||||
, -
-
, ,
. |
|
( . 2.19, ) |
, |
x(t) = 1(t) |
|
h(t) K T (t) 1 . |
(2.117) |
( . 2.19, ) |
|
A( ) K T 2 2 1 ; |
(2.118) |
L 20 lg K 20 lg T 2 2 1 ; |
(2.119) |
arctgT . |
(2.120) |
( . 2.19, ) -
, U( )
jV( ):
W j K jKT . |
(2.121) |
49