Arakin_1_kurs

B e t t y : You have to go as far as Yaroslavskaya Street stop, there you get ..., turn ... the corner, walk a short distance ... the street and ... less than 5 minutes you'll find yourself... the hostel.

passer-by ... it. They'll show you the way, only don't forget the address: 18 Yaroslavskaya Street. A n n : Thank you very much, Betty. Good-bye.

XII. Translate the following sentences into English using You'd better, I'd rather.

1. , . 2. . 3. ,

, . 4. . , . 5. ,

. 6. . 7. ,

, . 8. : ? - . 9 .

. 10. . 11. , ,

. 12. . 13. .

XIII. a) Read the following sentences. Note the constructions in bold type. b) Compose 5 sentences on each of the constructions:

A.1. The tourists wanted to see as much as possible. 2. Be as careful as possible when you cross the street.

3.If you don't work as hard as possible, you won't pass your exams. 4. Go to the language laboratory as often as possible. 5. Keep as quiet as possible.

B.1. I arranged to meet Nina so that we could go to the cinema together. 2. Let us go out earlier so that we can catch the train. 3. Draw it larger so that everybody can see it. 4. The little girl stood up so that the old woman could sit down. 5. You must speak louder so that I can hear you.

C.1. I am busy teaching you. 2. Mother is busy cooking dinner. 3. I was busy writing letters the whole morning. 4. He is busy translating the article. 5. She was busy making her dress.

D.1. Our new friend took us sightseeing about the town. 2. What about going sightseeing? 3. The tourists went sightseeing every day of their stay in the town. 4. On the next day of our arrival in Kiev we went sightseeing. 5. What do you say to going sightseeing?

XIV. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. . . 2.

, . 3. -

. 4. . .

. . 5.

. 6. . 7. . 8.

, . 9. . 10.

. 11. . 12.

. 13. , . 14.

, . 15. ,

, ? - . . 16.

. 17. . 18. . 19.

(a change) ? -- .

31- . 20. ? - , . 21. -

. 22. , ? 23. , ,

? - , 69. 24. .

XV. a) Write all possible questions to which the following sentences are answers. b) Each sentence describes a certain situation in a concise way. Find out some more details about it by asking questions. Work in pairs.

M o d e l : The street in which I live is broad and straight.

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A:What's the street you live in like?

B:It's broad and straight.

A:Is it in a new district?

B:Yes, in Medvedkovo.

1.My brother lives in one of the new districts in Kiev. 2. Minsk has greatly changed since the war, you will hardly recognize it now. 3. There is a new cinema not far from the metro station. 4. In summer we shall visit a lot of towns in different parts of Russia and shall see very many places of interest. 5. The guide wanted us to have the best possible impression of the city. 6. A lot of new houses are being built in all the towns of Russia. 7. Last Sunday our best friend visited us. 8. My girl-friend has just arrived in Moscow from the Crimea.

XVI. Rewrite these sentences changing the verbs in bold type from the Present Indefinite to the Past and Future Indefinite, Present and Past Continuous, Present and Past Perfect. Make other necessary changes, add the corresponding adverbs of time:

1. The tourists are shown many places of interest in our town. 2. Moscow University on the Vorobyev Hills is greatly admired by everybody, 3. History and Art Museums are often visited by the students of our group. 4. New metro stations are built in our town. 5. The poem is recited in our group.

XVII. a) Change the following sentences into indirect speech using the verbs to suggest or to offer.

1. "Let us study English together," said Olga. 2. "Why don't you buy the dictionary?" Mary said to me. 3. "Let's go to the park by metro," said John. 4. "Take another piece of cake, it's delicious," said our hostess. 5. "Let us rest for a while," said my friend. 6. "Will you have another cup of tea?" asked Mother. 7. "Let us visit Mary," said one of the students. 8. "Why not arrange some excursions during the winter holidays?" said the monitor of the group.

b) Translate the following sentences into English using one of the following verbs: to offer - to suggest:

1. . 2. ? 3.

. 4. . 5.

. 6. ,

. 7. . 8. ,

. 9. (put off) . 10.

.

XVIII. Replace the passive constructions by the corresponding active constructions. Supply the new subject yourselves where necessary:

1. The Tretyakov Gallery is visited by thousands of people every year. 2. They were greatly impressed by the Moscow Kremlin. 3. We were pleasantly surprised at his answer at the examination. 4. We were told to wait outside. 5. We were shown the nearest way to the Bolshoi theatre by a passer-by. 6. The girl was promised a new dress. 7. I was asked to come at 5 o'clock. 8. The child was left at home. 9. We were taken on a ride about the city. 10. You are invited to dinner tomorrow.

XIX. Translate the following into English:

, , - .

, 8 .

.

100 (exhibition halls), , , ,

. 1980

.

. . ,

, ,

. ,

, , , , . .

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. , , ,

.

XX. Fill in articles if necessary:

1. In ... big cities ... streets are broad and straight, there are ... lot of squares and ... beautiful parks. 2. At ...

each corner you can see .. militiaman regulating .. traffic. 3. Let us walk to ... nearest stop and take ... bus. 4. If we don't know where to go we ask ... militiaman to show us ... way. 5. When ... traffic light changed from yellow to green, we crossed ... street and entered ... underground station, paid our fares, went down ... escalator, got on ... train and rode as far as ... Yugozapadnaya station. 6. There we left ... metro and walked to ... Institute. 7. Walk ... short distance down ... street till you come to ... multi-storeyed house, then take ... first turning to ...

right, walk down ... block and you will see ... entrance. 8. We must get out here or we shall miss ... stop. 9. We went by metro as far as ... Sokolniki station and then changed for ... trolley-bus. 10. We made ... tour of ... new metro stations. 11. Never step off ... pavement into ... road without looking ... both ways to see if anything is coming.

XXI. Develop these dialogues using the topical vocabulary and conversational phrases:

1.Do you happen to know the way to the Tretjakov Gallery? -Well, let me see ... Go straight on and then take the second turning to (or on) the left (right).

2.Er ... Excuse me, could you tell me if this is the right way to Petrovka Street? - Oh, no, you are quite wrong. You'd better go back and then ask again.

3.Er... I wonder if you could tell me the nearest way to Tverskaya Street. - I'm terribly sorry. I really don't know. I'm a stranger here myself. You'd better ask the militiaman over there.

4.Er... Could you help me, I'm not guite sure where the nearest metro station is? - - Well, let me see. It's round the corner.

5.Excuse me, is there a bus from here to Red Square? - I'm terribly sorry, I've no idea, I'm afraid.

6.Er... Will you please tell me how far the nearest metro station is? - If you walk, it'll take you about twenty minutes to get there. You'd better take a bus.

XXII. Retell the following jokes using indirect speech:

1.Little John, in a crowded bus, is sitting on his father's lap. An elderly lady enters the bus, and Johnny at once jumps down, politely takes off his hat, and says: "May I offer you my seat?"

2.A traveller, on arriving at a railway station, asked a local man: "Well, my friend, as this is my first visit to your town, could you tell me how many hotels you have here?"

L o c a l m a n : We have two.

T r a v e l l e r : Now, which of the two would you recommend?

L o c a l m a n : Well, frankly speaking, it's like this, sir: whichever one you go to, you'll be sorry you didn't go to the other.

3.A woman hired a taxi. It began to race along, passing trams, cars, policemen, etc. The woman was frightened, and said to the taxi-driver:

"Please, be careful. This is the first time I ever rode in a taxi."

"It's all right," answered the taxi-driver. "It is the first time I ever rode in a taxi, too."

4.When Conan Doyle arrived in Boston, he was at once recognized by the cabman whose cab he had engaged. When he was about to pay his fare, the cabman said:

"If you please, sir, I should prefer a ticket to your lecture."

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Conan Doyle laughed. "Tell me," he said, how you knew who I was and I'll give you tickets for your whole family."

"Thank you, sir," was the answer. "On the side of your travelling-bag is your name - Conan Doyle."

XXIII. a) Retell the text "A Visit to Moscow". b) Describe the Wilsons' visit to Moscow as if you were Mr. Wilson himself (his wife, his daughter Mary).

XXIV. This exercise should be done in pairs. Use your own words to fill in the blanks in the following dialogue. Before you begin, study the whole dialogue carefully and decide what you are going to say:

(A stranger is asking for directions in a town you know well.)

A:Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to ..., please?

B:Yes. At the moment you are standing in ... (at..., near ...).

A:And I want to go to ...

B:If you turned left..., you'd come to ...

A:But I don't want to go to ...

B:No, I know you don't. But if you went straight along this road, you'd come to ...

A:But I don't want to go to ...

B:No, you don't, do you? So if you turn right at ..., you'll come to ...

A:Thank you.

B:Not at all.

XXV. a) Watch Film Segment Six "Sightseeing ... at Home" for general content. b) Watch the film segment again to find the English equivalents to the following:

!; ; ; ; ;

; ; ( ); ( ); .

) Answer your teacher's questions on the content of the film segment. d) Listen to the sound track recording of Segment Six. Get ready to speak as the narrator of Mr. Brown's home movie on London.

XXVI. Take a plan of Moscow, St.-Petersburg, your native town, etc. Prepare 8-10 questions to help your fellow-students discuss it in class.

XXVII. a) Render the following in the form of a dialogue. b) Get ready with a situation for your fellow-students to give it in the form of a dialogue:

, , .

, . .

, . ,

, . ,

.

XXVIII. Find English proverbs concerning travelling, provide them with Russian equivalents, ask your fellowstudents to illustrate them.

XXIX. Ask your friend to give you as much information as possible about:

his native town; a place in Britain he knows; one of the capitals of our republics.

XXX. Get together with one or two other students and have a friendly talk. The situation is this:

You are friends planning a trip to St.-Petersburg. There are a lot of things that need to be done. Each of you is full of imaginative ideas.

XXXI. Speak on the following:

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1. Your arrival in a big city. 2. Any city you think interesting. 3. A new district of Moscow. 4. Explaining to a stranger how to get to the Central Post Office from: Pushkin Square, Petrovka Street, the Vorobyev Hills.

Laboratory work

I. a) Repeat the sentences after the tape. b) Make them interrogative and negative.

II. Spell and transcribe the given words and word combinations.

III. Use the sentences with the verb in the passive voice.

IV. a) Translate the sentences into English. b) Check your sentences with the key.

V. a) Use the sentences in indirect speech. Make all the necessary changes. b) Check your sentences with the key.

VI. Listen to the wrong statements. Correct them.

VII. a) Listen to the poem "Evening" by Percy D. Shelley. Mark the stresses and tunes. b) Practise the poem. c) Learn it by heart.

Lesson Eighteen

Study the following

T a b l e N o . 1

The complex object

Note 1. A continuous action is expressed by a present participle, e. g. I saw Pete coming towards me.

Note 2. After the verb make in the Passive Voice the infinitive of the verb following it is used with the particle to, e.

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g. 1 was made to get up early.

Grammar exercises

I. Study Substitution Table No. 1 and compose as many sentences as you can.

II. Spell and transcribe the four forms of the following verbs:

buy, make, become, show, try, put, wear, fit, cost, get, forget, write, run, go.

III. a) Write one sentence instead of the given two using complex objects.

M o d e l : I saw John every day. He often spoke with his comrades. I often saw John speak with his comrades (or John speaking).

1. I watched the sun. It was rising. 2. I heard him. He was singing an English song. 3. We noticed a man. The man was cleaning his shoes. 4. He saw two girls. They were dancing on the stage. 5. She watched the children. They ran about and played in the garden. 6. I saw her every morning. She arranged her hair carefully. 7. Every night we saw our neighbour. He listened to the news. 8. John heard his daughter. She was talking loudly. 9. We saw Roger. He was crossing the square. 10. They heard their father. He played the piano every night.

b) Give your own examples of complex object. c) Use the same sentences with complex objects in short situations.

IV. a) Translate the following sentences into English:

1. , . 2. , . 3. ,

. 4. . 5. . 6.

. 7. , . 8. ,

. 9. , . 10. , . 11. ,

. 12. , . 13. ,

. 14. , . 15 . ,

. 16. , . 17. , . 18. ,

. 19. , . 20. , .

b) Use the translated sentences in situations.

V. Paraphrase the following sentences as in the model.

M o d e l : Nelly spoke to the dean yesterday.

It was Nelly who (that) spoke to the dean yesterday.

Those boys have brought me the letter.

It is those boys who (that) have brought me the letter.

1. The guide showed them many places of interest. 2. Mrs. Hilton told the children to go to bed. 3. Lizzie does not want to eat her porridge. 4. Jim is eager to ride a pony. 5. Alice is cutting some sandwiches. 6. James says the frost is severe. 7. Alice and Roger swam further along. 8. The conductor told me where to get out. 9. The students began a lively talk with an English correspondent. 10. Robert and Nora noticed a nasty-looking cloud. 11. My friends helped me to catch up with the group.

TEXT 1

Carrie goes to a department store

The extract is taken from "Sister Carrie" by Th. Dreiser, a well-known American writer (1871-1945). Carrie, a young provincial girl, comes to Chicago and is greatly attracted by the pleasures the big city offers. Shopping is one of them. Drouet,* her friend, is to meet her at the ready-made clothes department.

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* Drouet [dru:'e ].

Carrie reached Dearborn Street. Here was the great Fair store with its crowds of shoppers. She thought she would go in and see. She would look at the jackets.

She paused at each article of clothing. How pretty she would look in this, how charming that would make her! Carrie stopped at the jewellery department. She saw the ear-rings, the bracelets, the pins, the chains.

But the jackets were the greatest attraction. When she entered the store, she already had her heart fixed on a jacket with large mother-of-pearl buttons. The cut was all the fashion that fall*. She said to herself there was nothing she would like better.

* fall: autumn in the American Variant of English.

Here she saw Drouet who was coming up to her smiling.

"Let's go and look at the jackets," he said as if he had read her thoughts.

When Carrie got the jacket in her hand, it seemed so much nicer. The saleswoman helped her on with it. It fitted perfectly. It was just her size, not a bit loose. She looked guite smart.

Carrie turned before the glass. She could not help feeling pleased as she looked at herself. It was so becoming.

"That's the thing," said Drouet. "Now pay for it."

"It's nine dollars," said Carrie, after she had asked the saleswoman how much it was. She took out one of the bills and gave it to the cashier.

From there they went to a shoe department where Carrie tried on some shoes. Drouet stood by and when he saw how nice they looked, said: "Wear them."

Then Drouet advised her to buy a purse made of leather, a pair of gloves and Stockings.

Carrie thought that she would come the next day and buy herself a skirt to match the new jacket.

(After "Sister Carrie" by Th. Dreiser)

TEXT 2

Shopping

M o t h e r : Pete, we've run out of vegetables and we've hardly any bread in the house. You know, now it's your turn to go to the greengrocer's and to the baker's.

P e t e : Oh, bother? Why do we have to go shopping so often?

M o t h e r : The day before yesterday it was Nelly who did all the shopping. She went to the grocer's and to the butcher's.

P e t e : Did she? But, Mother, girls are so fond of shopping. Let Nelly do it today as well.

M o t h e r : Oh, you've been a lazy-bones ever since you were born! It's so difficult to make you go anywhere.

P e t e : D'you want to make me a model boy, Mum?

M o t h e r : I'd like to. Take that bag and don't grumble. Buy a cabbage, a pound of onions, half a pound of carrots and a loaf of bread. Here is the money and don't forget the change.

P e t e : Did I ever forget it?

M o t h e r . : I don't say you did. But you are so absent-minded. P e t e : (sighing): My teacher says the same.

M o t h e r : I expect you to be back in half an hour. P e t e : All right. I'll do my best.

Vocabulary notes

department store n

ready-made clothes/clothes department ; footwear, millinery, knitted goods, leather goods, textiles hosiery, haberdashery, cosmetics (departments) : , ,

, , , ,

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pretty adj ; Syn. good-looking, beautiful; handsome (usually about men]

cut n , . g. The saleswoman assured Eliza that the cut of the coat was fashionable, cut (cut, cut) vt

; proverb: Cut your coat according to your cloth.

fashion n ; Syn. style, e. g. Take this coat. It's the latest fashion (style), in fashion , . g. Such shoes are in fashion now. out of fashion , . g. This cut is out of fashion now, fashionable adj e. g. Alice has gone shopping and is sure to buy a fashionable hat. old-fashioned adj, e. g. I don't like old-fashioned furniture.

to help smb. on with smth. .; to help smb. off with smth. . become (became, become) vt/i , , . g. I don't think it's very becoming. Compare the use of

the verbs to become (in the meaning « »), to fit, to match, to go with, to suit, fit vt ,

, , . g. The dress fits her like a glove. match vt no , , e. g. She is going to buy a hat to match her new coat, go with vi ( , ), , e. g.

That cardigan does not go with a silk skirt, suit vt , , (is the most general term), e. g. The costume suits her. She looks smart in it.

size n , . g. What size shoe(s) do you wear? What size glove(s) do you wear? What size clothes do you wear?

loose adj , ; to be loose on smb., e. g. The frock's a bit loose on me. Ant. tight: to be tight on smb., e. g. The coat is tight on him. The shoes are tight on me.

How much is it? What is the price of...? What does it cost? ? The expressions are used only in the process of shopping. Compare the use of tenses in the following situation: "I bought a new hat yesterday." "Really? How much was it?" ("What was the price?")

cashier n ; cash-desk n . Note other English words corresponding to the Russian word « »: box-office at the theatre; booking-office at a railway station

to try on smth. .

wear (wore, worn) vt 1. , ..., . g. always wears a grey hat. Kitty was wearing, a lovely pink dress that night. Syn. to be dressed in smth.; to have smth. on, e. g. She was dressed in a light summer frock. She had a light summer frock on. 2. vi , . .) . g. Does that material wear well?

advise vt , e. g. The teacher strongly advised him to work more at the language laboratory, advice n ; Pay attention to the use of the noun advice which is uncountable, e. g. We got so much good advice from him. Compare it with the Russian word « » which is countable. The following English uncountable nouns also correspond to Russian countable nouns: knowledge, money, weather, hair, work, information, news.

made of ... ..., as made of leather, wood, etc.

to run out of smth. , . g. We've run out of sugar. .

to have hardly any, e. g. We've hardly any bread in the house. .

turn n . ; in turn , . g. Speak in turn, please. I can't understand you when you are talking together. Note the translation of the Russian combination « » - to stand in a queue (line) for something.

the greengrocer's

the baker's , e. g. I met her at the baker's yesterday, the grocer's « »; the butcher's . Note also the names of some other shops: provision shop ; fishmonger's ; fruit-shop ; confectionery ; dairy

; supermarket ; shopping centre

Oh, bother! !

It was ... who (that), e. g. It was Nelly who did all the shopping. . The word combination it is (was)... who (that) is used to emphasize the subject.

to do shopping, to go shopping , . g. Boys don't like to do shopping. Mary likes to go shopping in the morning, when there are fewer people.

as well adv ; Syn. too, also, e. g. Everybody was eager to go sightseeing. Ann wanted to see the town as well.

model adj , . g. Tom Sawyer hated the model boy because he was so good, model n ,

, . g. Sentences must be formed according to this model. sigh vi ; sigh n

expect vt , , , ; . g. I expect a letter any day now. Everybody expects

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he will come tomorrow, Syn. to wait . Whom are you Waiting for? I am waiting for a friend of mine. Note that wait refers to physical activities (e. g. to sit and wait) while expect denotes supposition, looking forward to smth.

Topical vocabulary

Kinds of clothes: coat, shirt, blouse, cardigan, sweater, skirt, suit, trousers, shorts, a pull-over, dressinggown, jersey, jeans, corduroy trousers (corduroys).

Articles of clothing: socks, stockings, scarf, muffler, kerchief, gloves, mittens, tie, handkerchief, tights, pyjamas, nightgown, underwear (undies).

Parts of clothes: collar, sleeve, belt.

Footwear: slippers, sandals, sport shoes, walking shoes, court shoes, rubber boots, training shoes (trainers). Textiles: silk, cotton (print), velvet, woollen cloth.

Jewellery: ring, bracelet, ear-rings, chain, brooch, necklace. Cereals: buckwheat, rice.

Meat: beef, pork, mutton, chicken, goose, duck, tinned meat. Fish: herring, sprats, smoked fish, tinned fish.

Dairy products: cream, sour cream, cottage cheese. Confectionery: biscuits, cakes, chocolate, pastry.

Vegetables: onions, turnips, melon, water-melon, cauliflower, lettuce, radish, parsley, celery.

Exercises

I. a) The material below is to be prepared for reading. Mark the stresses and tunes. Concentrate your attention on sounds. b) Let your fellow-student read this exercise aloud for you to detect his errors in sounds and tell him what must be done to eliminate them:

[r]1. A foreign accent is a very great drawback.

2.The three will probably drive across the Brooklyn Bridge.

3.We gathered ripe red raspberries along the river road.

4.When at Rome do as the Romans do.

5.Neither rhyme nor reason.

6.Every cook praises his own broth.

[ ] 1. What have you found out about it? 2. Out of sight out of mind.

- a ] 3. Snow came in the night Without a sound,

Like a white cloud trembling Down to the ground.

II. Before you start working at the text practise the sounds in the following word combinations:

A.1. [ ] becoming; smiling; clothing; feeling pleased; earrings; shopping is one of them; coming up.

2.Loss of plosion: reached Dearborn Street, looked quite smart, turned before the glass, stood by.

3.Linking [r]: mother -of-pearl, helped her on with it, a pair of gloves.

B.1. [ - ] - oh, bother, go shopping, so often, fond of shopping, go to the grocer's.

: - ] - your turn, were born.

2.a) No voicing before voiced consonants and vowels: half a pound, take that bag.

b)No, glottal stop: so often, hardly any, did I ever, so absent-minded.

III. 1. a) Listen to the recording of the text "Carrie Goes to a Department Store". Mark the stresses and tunes.

b)Practise the text for test reading. Listen to the text very carefully until you can say it in exactly the same way.

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2. a) Listen to the recording of the dialogue "Shopping". Mark the stresses and tunes. b) Practise the dialogue for test reading. Listen to the text very carefully until you can say it in exactly the same way. c) Memorize the dialogue and dramatize it.

IV. Transcribe the following sentences, mark the stresses and tunes and picture them on the staves:

1. "What size gloves do you wear?" she asked. 2. I don't think it's becoming. 3. "Will you please show me that pale-green one?" she said. 4. That can't be called very cheap.

V. Make up questions covering the contents or Text 1.

VI. Write 10 questions on Text 2.

VII. a) Study the Vocabulary Notes. Write 5 sentences on each of the Substitution Tables on pages 267, 268 using the new words. b) Use them in short situations.

VIII. a) Write the interrogative and negative forms of the following sentences:

1. John saw his brother go to the fruit-shop. 2. Everybody expected you to give this information. 3. They want him to take his parents' advice. 4. We saw Peter buy rolls at the baker's. 5. I have made Michael tell the news. 6. Helen wants me to wear this cardigan. 7. I want you to clean your shoes.

b) Express your surprise. Use conversational phrases.

IX. Each sentence describes a certain situation in a concise way. Some points of the situation are already known to you. Find out some more details about the situation by asking questions. Work in pairs:

1. My wife has spent a lot of money on fashionable furniture. 2. Ann wore a black velvet dress that night. 3. Jack wants Pete to give him a piece of good advice. 4. Alice's bag is made of silk. 5. Mrs. Brown will go shopping in the morning.

X. Fill in prepositions or adverbs wherever necessary:

A.1. What size ... gloves does your daughter wear? 2. Is your blouse made ... silk or ... nylon? 3. This frock suits ... her and she looks so well today. 4. Go ... the fitting-room and try ... the green frock. 5. Go ... the mirror and have a look ... yourself. 6. I'm afraid the shirt is a bit loose ... you. 7. You must choose another belt. This one does not go ... your light dress. 8. I'm sure they will soon make ... their quarrel. 9. The woman was made to believe that such shoes were not ... fashion ... that time.

B.1. We've run ...... meat. Let's go and buy some ... the butcher's. 2. Please weigh half ... a pound ... sweets.

3.Will you give me a quarter ... a pound ... sausage? 4. Whom are you waiting ...? -- I'm waiting ... my friends. They are ... the greengrocer's. 5. She paid ... a cabbage and went ... . 6. The salesmen will finish their work ...

half ... an hour. 7. There is no cottage cheese ... the dairy today. 8. I'm not going to stand ... a queue ... a tin ...

sprats.

XI. Change the following direct questions into indirect and answer them. Begin the sentences with the words I wonder ... or Tell me ... or I'd like to know.

1. At what shop did you buy this hat? 2. What colour scarf would you like to buy to match your new coat? 3. Are those gloves old or new? 4. How old is your father? 5. Does Ann do shopping every day? 6. When will you go to the State Department Store? 7. Were any new films on last week? 8. How much is this material? 9. Has anything gone wrong with the iron? 10. Why didn't you come to the dining-hall yesterday? 11. Is it snowing hard? 12. Has John given you good advice? 13. Why is it so stuffy in the room? 14. When did they get everything arranged? 15. Have you managed to knit a pull-over for your father? 16. When are you going to the dairy? 17. When was he made to write that letter?

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