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4.1 ll.eJIh paooThI |
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nOJIHOe nepeKphlTHe nOJIOC, ryHHeJIbHbIH TOK ,n:OCTHraeT MaKCH |
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IiCCJIe,n:oBaTh BOJIhT-aMnepHYfO xapaKTepHcTHKY ryHHeJIbHOrO |
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MaJIbHOro 3HaqeHH$I (pHC. 4.1 B). ~aJIbHeHlIlee YBeJIHT.{eHHe Hanp$l |
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,n:Ho,n:a. Ha OCHOBe 3KcnepHMeHTaJIhHhIX pe3YJIbTaTOB paCCT.{HTaTb |
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)KeHH$I Ha p-n nepexo,n:e Be,n:eT K YMeHhlIleHHIO nepeKphITH$I nOJIOC H |
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napaMeTpbI, XapaKTepH3YIOIIJ;He BHYTpeHHIOIO CTPYKTYPY npH60pa. |
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aq |
......-----
,,--=1
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30 |
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Vmax |
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Vmin |
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I
PHC.4.1 3Heprerl1'leCKHe ,LIMarpa'.fMbl H COOTBeTCTBYlOllllie 11M TO'iKI1 Ha
BOnbT-al\;lIlepHOil xapaKTepMCTMKe TYHHenbHOro ,LIH.O,LIa
,1
v
v
v
v
1
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v
31
CHIDKeHHlO ryHHeJIbHOrO TOKa. KOf)J,a Harrp.9JKeHHe Ha p-n rrepeXO}1;e }1;OCTHraeT3HaqeHHR
Vmin=![('uFn-Ec)+(Ev 'uFp
q
rrepeKphITHe nOJlHOCThlO HCQe3aer H TYHHeJIhHhlH TOK }1;OJl)KeH o6pa
THTbCR B HOJIb (pHC. 4.1 r).
B peaJJbHblX rrpH60pax KpOMe rrpRMoro TYHHeJlHpOBaHHfI CYIIle
cTByeT ryHHeJIHpOBaHHe Qepe3 COCTO.llHHR B 3arrpeIIleHHoe 30He. CxeMa TaKHX rrepeXO}1;OB rrOKa3aHa Ha pHCYHKe 4.2. l-h pHCYHKa
BH}1;HO, qTO rrpH HaJJHqHH rrpRMoro |
CMeIIleHI:HI |
V ?'vmin |
cmeKTPoHbI |
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MOryT TYHHeJIHpOBaTb H3 n- B p- 06JIaCTb: |
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1) H3 TOQKH A Ha |
JIOKaJJbHblH |
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ypoBeHb B p-06JIaCTH (TOQKa C) |
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/lFn |
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c.... |
:-"'~=~~~~&~'-':~~~~*~*~*~@= |
H 3aTeM C BbI}1;eJleHHeM ::meprHH |
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Ev |
i |
ip~ |
A |
Ee |
rrepeXO}1;HTb |
Ha |
CBo6o}1;Hble |
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'-.....""'-"-...."-"-'-.......'-" |
IB |
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......,...,.........~ |
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Ev |
ypOBHH B BaJJeHTHOH 30He; |
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2) Ha JIOKaJJbHblH ypoBeHb B n |
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PHc.4.2 |
MeXllHH3Mbi TYHHeJmpOBa |
06J1aCTH (TOqKa |
B), a 3aTeM |
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HMlI 'lepe3 COCTOllHMlI B 3anpellleHHOM |
ryHHeJlHpoBaTb |
B |
BaJJeHTHYlO |
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30He |
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30HY p-06JIaCTH;
3) rrYTeM cryrreHqaTOrO ryHHeJIHpOBaHH.II Me)K}J;Y JIOKaJJbHbfMH co CTO.llHH.IIMH B 06JIaCTH rrpocrpaHcTBeHHoro 3ap.ll}1;a p-n nepeXO}1;a
(CD)
Ilpou,ecc TaKoro ryHHeJIHpOBaHHJI C03}1;aeT }1;OrrOJIHHTeJIbHblH TOK, Ha3bIBaeMb[H H36bITOqHbiM TOKOM. COrJIaCHO TeopHH 3TOT TOK paBeH
I1i36 =Imin' exp A . (V - Vmin ), |
(4.2) |
l'}1;e A - KOHCTaHTa.
KpoMe, H36blTOQHOrO TOKa rrpH V > Vmin cYIIleCTByeT Ha}J;6apb epHbIH }1;H<P<PY3HOHHbIH TOK rrpJIMOCMeIIleHfloro p-n rrepeXO}1;a
=Isexp(qVlkT) |
(4.3) |
I... |
.... |
32
r)1,e Is - TOK HaCbuueHIDl p-n nepexo)1,a.
TaKHM 06pa30M nOJIHbTM TOK TYHHeJIbHoro )1,HO)1,a ~BJI~eTCH CYMMOM TPex COCTaBJI~IOIIl,HX: TYHHeJIbHoro, H36bITolIHoro H )1,H~
tPY3HOHHOro TOKOB (pHC. 4.3). TIPH V »Vmin )1,HtP<PY3HOHHbTM TOK
~BAAeTCH OCHOBHbIM TOKOM TYHHeJIbHOrO )1,HO)1,a.
1
1m"" |
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PHc. 4.3 - BOJIbT-a~mepHaR |
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XapaKTepHI..'THKa T)'HHeJIbHoro |
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).I.HO).l.a: 1 - nOJIHbIH TOK; |
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2 - ).I.HiJ>iJ>Y3HOHHblit TOK; |
I min |
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3 - H30bITO"IHblH TaK |
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VImax |
VImi" |
Vc |
v |
TOLJHOe peIlleHHe 3MaLJH 0 TYHHeJIHpOBaHHH 3JIeKT}JOHOB B 0)1, HOMepHOM CJIyqae MOJKHO nonyLJHTb H3 ypaBHeHH}I llipe)1,HHrepa C HCnOJIb30BaHHeM CBOMCTB HenpepbIBHOCTH BOJIHOBOM <PYHKUHH H ee npOH3BO)J,HbIX Ha rpaHHQax nOTeHQHaJIbHOro 6apbepa. BepOHTHOCTb TYHHeJIbHoro npOXOJK)J,eHIDl LJaCTHQeM nOTeHQHaJIbHOro 6apbepa cYIIl,eCTBeHHO 3aBHCHT OT 3HeprHH LJaCTHQbI H IllHpHHbI nOTeHQH aJIbHOrO 6apbepa H onpe)1,eJIHeTC~ OTHOUIeHHeM KBMpaTOB MO)J.yJIeM BOJIHOBbIX <PYHKUHH, onHCbIBalOIIl,HX npOIlle)1,rnylO H nMalOIIJ,y1O Ha 6apbep BOJIHbl. B peaJIbHOM CJIyqae 6apbep MOJKeT HMeTb CJIOJKHYIO tP0PMY H TOLJHOe BbIpaJKeHHe )l,JI~ BepO~THOCTH TYHHeJIHpOBaHHH LJaCTHQbI nonyLJHTb He y)1,aeTC~. BepO~THOCTb TYHHeJIHpOBaHIDl LJac TMQbI LJepe3 np~MoyrOJIbHbIM 6apbep B O)1,HOMepHOM cnyLJae onHCbI
BaeTC~ BblpIDKeHHeM:
W =16 E(Uo 2 E) exp[-~1~2m(Uo- E)], |
(4.4) |
|
Uo |
Ii |
|
r)1,e E - 3HeprH~ qaCTHQbI; Uo |
BbICOTa nOTeHQHaJIbHOro 6apbepa; I |
- TOJIIIl,HHa 6apbepa; m Macca LJacrnQbI.
33
06IIl,ee BblpIDKeHHe )1,JIH TYHHeJIbHOM COCTaBJIHIOlll,eM TOKa MOJKHO nOJIYLJHTb B npe)1,nOJIOJKeHHH, qrO nOTOK 3JIeKT}JoHoB, TYHHeJIH PYIOlll,HX H3 n-06JIaCTH B p-06JIaCTb B HHTepBaJIe 3HeprHM OT E )1,0 npOnOPQHOHaJIeH LJHCJIY 3JIeKT}JOHoB B n-06JIaCTH H LJHCJIY
CBo6o)1,HblX COCTOHHuM B p-06JIacrn:
|
IT KE[W[/n(E)_ /p(E)].gn(E)'gp(E)dE, |
(4.5) |
r)1,e K |
K03<P<PHQHeHT nponOPQHOHaJIbHOCTH; In,p(E) |
~YHKQHH |
¢lepMH-~HpaKa M~ n- H p- 06JIaCTeM; gn,p(E) - nJIOTHOCTH COCTO}I HHM B )l,JI~ n- H p- 06JIaCT~X.
ECJIH 3a HaLJaJIO OTC'leTa 3HeprHH npHHHTb Ee = 0 OKOHLJaTeJIbHOe BblpIDKeHHe M~ TYHHeJIbHOrO TOKa nOCJIe HHTerpHpOBaHH~ HMeeT BH)1,
|
=Z i~[cUFn + ,uFP)-qV¥ |
(4.6) |
H'cCJIe)1,YH |
BOJIbT - aMnepHYIO xapaKTepHCTHKY |
TYHHeJIbHOrO |
,nHo,na MOJKHO |
OQeHHTb p~,n ero BaJKHbIX napaMeT}JOB. |
|
Hanp~JKeHIDl, COOTBeTCTBYIOIQHe MaKcHMYMY Vmax H MHHHMYMY
Vmin TOKa Ha BAX TYHHeJIbHOrO )1,Ho,na, CBH3aHbI C BHYT}JeHHHMH
<pH3HLJeCKHMH napaMeT}JaMH COOTHOIlleHHHMH
V |
=2 (J.lFn -Em) |
(4.7) |
|
max |
q |
||
|
r,ne Em 3HeprH~, COOTBeTCTBYIOlll,a~ MaKCHMYMY <PYHKQHH pacnpe
,neJIeHH~ 3JIeKT}JOHOB B 30He npOBO)1,HMOCTH.
V |
|
=2 (J.lFn -Ec) |
(4.8) |
min |
q |
||
|
|
|
|
TIOJIOJKeHHe ypOBHH |
¢lepMH IlFn onpe,neJI~eT |
KOHQeHTPaQHIO |
3JIeKT}JOHOB B 30He npOBo,nHMOCTH nonynpOBO)1,HHKa
34
n 1 |
(2m~.f..lF J% |
(4.10) |
3Jl"2 |
li2 n |
|
me m~ - 3q,q,eKTHBH8JI Macca ::meIcrpoHa.
MaKCHMaJIbHbIH TYHHeJIbHbIH TOK onpe,LleJUleTCH BblpIDKeHHeM
lmax |
(4.11) |
r,Lle S - nnOIIJ.a.Llb p-n rrepexo,Lla.
|
PMC. 4.4 |
3KBMB3.JIeJITH8JI cxeMa |
|
T)'HHeJlbHOro )mO,lla: |
|
CI< |
R - ,lI1fq,q,epeHUIf3.JIbHOe conpOTMBJIeHMe; |
|
|
Cpo. eMKOCTb p-n nepexo,lla; |
|
|
C. |
eMKOCTb Kopnyca; |
|
Rs TIOCJle,llOBaTeJlbHOe conpOTMBJIeHlfej |
|
|
Ls |
IfH,llYKTMBHOCTb |
BIDKHOH XapaKTepHCTHKOH TYHHeJIbHOrO ,LlHO,Lla, KaK aKTHBHOro 3JIeIcrpoHHoro 3JIeMeHTa, HCnOJIb3yeMoro B pe:>KHMe YCHlIeHHH H re HepaUHH CHrHaJIOB, HBJUleTCH BeJIHqHHa OTpH.QaTeJIbHoro ,LlHq,q,e peH.QHaJIbHOrO cOnpOTHBJIeHHH R. KaK npaBHlIO npH pacqeTe cxeM Ha TYHHeJIbHOM ,LlHO,Lle HCnOJIb3YIOT MaKCHMaJIbHYIO BeJlJlqHHY OT pH.QaTeJIbHoro ,LlHq,q,epeH.QHaJIbHOrO cOnpOTHBJleHHH Rm . BbI'-IHCJle HHe 3TOro napaMeTpa Tpe6YeT npHMeHeHHH cne.QHaJIbHOH H3MepH TeJIbHOH annapaTYpbl. ilo3TOMY B JIa60paTopHbIX YCJlOBH»:X nom, 3Y1OTCH Cpe,LlHeH BeJIHQHHOH oTPH.QaTeJIbHOrO ,LlHq,q,epeH.QHaITbHOro COnpOTHBJIeHH»: Rep , KOTOP8JI onpe,LleJIHeTCR no HHCXO,LljJIIJ.eMY yqa
cTKY BAX OT Vma<,LlO V min
AV |
(4.12) |
R;p AI |
35
ITo H3BeCTHbIM napaMeTpaM 3KBHBaJIeHTHOH cxeMbl TYHHeJIbHO
ro ,LlHO,Lla (pHC.4.4) onpe,LleJUleTC.!l ero C06CTBeHH8JI npe,LleJIbH8JI qac
TOTa
fnpe,ll |
1 |
-- 1 |
(4.13) |
2Jl".R-Cp-n |
~- |
||
|
RS |
|
4.3 3KcnepBMeBTa.JIbHan YCTaHoBKa
3KcrrepHMeHTaJIbHaJI YCTaHoBKa ,nJUI H3MepeHIDI BAX
TYHHeJIhHOrO .n;Ho.n;a rrOKa3aHa Ha pHcYHKe 4.5. YCTaHoBKa rro-
I HO Wf* $pv,
PMC. 4.5 bJIOK-CXeMa 3KcneplfMeHTllJlhHOH YCTaHOBKIf
3BOJUIeT CHHMaTh BOJIhT-aMnepHYro XapaKTepHCTHKY B CTaTH qeCKOM pexHMe B np.srMoM HanpaBJIeHHH.
4.438.L(aHBe Ha pa60ry
4.4.103HaKOMIITbcjJ C npHH.QHnHaJIbHOH cxeMoH H3MepHTeJIb HOH YCTaHoBKH.
4.4.2CHjJTh BOJlbT-aMnepHYIO xapaKTepHcTHKY TYHHem,Horo
,LlHO,Lla.
4.4.3TIo nonyqeHHbIM ,LlaHHbIM H3 BAX HCCJle.n;yeMoro ,LlHO,Lla
onpe,LleJlHTb CJIe,LlYIOIIJ.He BHYTpeHHHe H BHemHHe napaM~bI npH
60pa: I!Fn, Em. W, n, Ima<,
IIj'
!
36
4.5 IIop~OI( BbIllOJlHeHHH pa60Tbi
4.5.1ITOny4HTb YKa3aHHJI OT npenO.D:aBareml. 0 nop.sI.D:Ke pa60ThI C3KcnepHMeHT3JIhHOH YCTaHoBKoH.
4.5.203HaKOMHThC.sI C npe.D:enbHO .D:OnycTHMbIMH 3Ha4eHHJIMH napaMeTpoB Hccne.D:YeMoro .D:HO.D:a H B .D:3JIbHeHmeM, npH CHSlTHH BAX, npOBO.D:HTb H3MepeHHJI TonhKO B npe.D:enax nacnoPTHhIx 3Ha 4eHHH TOKOB H Hanp.sI)KeHHH.
4.5.3CHSlTh BOnhT-aMnepHYIO XapaKTepHcTHKY TYHHenhHoro
.D:HO.D:a. ITo pe3ynbTaTaM H3MepeHHH nocTPoHTh 3aBHCHMOCTh TOKa TYHHenhHOrO .D:HO.D:a OT Hanp.sI)KeHH.sI H onpe.D:enHTh 3Ha4eHHa
Vmax,Vmin H Imax.
4.5.4 113 BblpaiKeHHJI (4.8) onpe.D:enHTh 3Ha4eHHe !lFn.
4.5.5113 BblpaiKeHHJI (4.7) onpe.D:enHTb 3Ha4eHHe Em.
4.5.6 Bhl4HcnHTh BepOSITHOCTh W TYHHenHpOBaHH.sI :meKTpOHOB C :mepmeH Em 4epe3 p-n nepexo.D: no BhlpaiKeHHIO (4.4). BhICOTY nOreH~3JIhHOro 6aphepa UonpHHSlTh promoH Eg-!lFn, I 2 HM.
4.5.7 Hcnonb3Y.sI <poPMYny (4.10), BbI4HcnHTh KOHQeHTP~HIO
3JleKTPoHoB n 30He npOBO.D:HMOCTH nonynpOBO.D:HHKa.
4.5.8 ITo BbIpaiKeHHIO (4.11) onpe.D:enHTh MaKCHM3JIhHl>IH TYH HeJlhHl>IH TOK H CpaBHHTh ero C 3KcnepHMeHT3JIhHl>IM 3Ha4eHHeM
Imax. IlnOI1J,a.D:h p-n nepexo.D:a S npHHSlTh paBHoH 10.3 CM2.
4.5.9113 rpa<pHKa BAX Hccne.D:YeMoro .D:HO.D:a onpe.D:eJlHTh cpeJ( Hee 3Ha4eHHe oTPHQaTem,Horo .D:H<p<pepeHQH3JIhHOro conpoTHBne HHJI Rep.
4.5.10 ITo <popMYne (4.13) BhI4HCJIHTh C06CTBeHHYIO npeJ(em:, HYIO 4acTOTY Hccne.D:YeMoro TYHHenhHoro AHO.D:a npH cne.D:YIOI1J,HX napaMeTPax: Cp•n 1,2 n<l>; Rs = 10M.
37
5 ~CCIlE.QOBAH~E CTATW·IECK~X XAPAKTEP~CT~K
5~nOIlflPHOrOTPAH3~CTOPA
5.1 ll,eJIb pa60Tbi
l1.eJlblO HaCTOSll1J,eH na60paTopHOH pa60TbI SlBn.sIeTCSI 03HaKOM neHHe C npHH~nOM pa60ThI 6HnonSlpHoro TPaH3HCTopa H HCCne,Ll,O BaHHe ero CTaTHCTH4eCKHX xapaKTepHCTHK B cxeMe c o611J,eo 6a300 H 0611J,HM 3MHTTepoM.
5.2TeopeTH4eCKaH 4aCTb
5.2.1ITpHHQHn pa60Thl TPaH3HCTopa.
TpaH3HcTop npe.D:CTaBJISleT c0600 nonynpOBO.D:HHKOBblH npH6op,
HMelOl1J,HO .D:Ba p-n nepexo.D:a, pa3J(eneHHhlX cnoeM nonynpoBoJ(HH
Ka. CTPYKTYPHM cxeMa TpaH3HcTopa THna nOKa3aHa Ha PH
cyHKe 5.1. ]leBhlH p-n nepexoJ( I BKnI04aeTCR: B npSlMoM HanpaBne HHH H Ha3hlBaeTCSI 3MHTTCpHhIM. npaBhlH p-n nepexo.D: H II BKnIO 4aIOTCR: B 06paTHoM HanpaBJIeHHH H Ha3hlBaeTCSI KonneKTopHhlM. Cpe.D:HSI.sI n- 06naCTh Ha3hlBaeTCR 6a300.
|
I |
II |
|
+ |
|
K |
Pl1c.5.l - CTPYKTYPH8JI cxeMa |
|
|
p-n-p TpaH3l1CTOpa (BKJII04.e |
|
|
|
|
Hl1e C o6mei:i 6a3oi:i) |
|
|
|
+ |
PaCCMOTPHM pa60TY TPaH3HCTopa THna p-n-p. (Pa6oTa TPaH3H |
|||
cTopa |
n-p-n npHHQHnH3JIhHO HH4eM He OTnH4aeTCR, KpOMe 3HaKa |
HocHTeneo 3apJl.D:a). nOCKOnbKY 3MHTTepHhlH nepeXO.D: BKJII04eH B npRMOM HanpaBneHHH, TO Qepe3 Hero 113 p-06naCTll, KOTOPYIO 6YJ(eM Ha3hlBaTb 3MHTTCPOM, B 6a3y HH)KeKTHpYlOTcSI )1.hlpKH. TOnl1J,HHa 6a3bI W.D:Oll)KHa 6hlTh MHoro MeHbllle )1.llHHbl ,Ll,11<P<PY3110HHoro CMe l1J,eHml )1.hIpOK Lp. B 3TOM cny4ae OCHOBHaSi QaCTb HH)KeKTHpOBaH-
T ·-m
|
52 |
5) H3MeIDUI h B HHTepBaJIe 0,2 - 1 A C warOM 0,1 A, CllilTb 3a |
|
BHCHMOCTb 1+ |
OT npH VK===10B. Onpe.ll.emlTb [JITw:x' |
6) yCTaHOBHTb |
[£max. CH~ITb 3aBHCHMOCTb 1+ h21E OT VI< B |
,ll.Hana30He VK=10=40 B C warOM 5 B. I10CTPOHTb 3aBHCHMOCTb h21F;.
OT VK , onpe.ll.eJlHTb npOH3BO.ll.HYIO dh211,1dVK H paCC4.HTaTb conpoTHB-
JleHHe KOJlJleKTOpa npH IJ max;
7)HCnOJlb3YR <P0PMYJll,( (6.6) H (6.8), paCC4.HTaTb COnpOTHBJle HHe 3MHTTepa H .ll.H<P<pY3HOHHYIO COCTaBJlRIOI.Qy1O COnpOTHBJleHHR 6a3WTpaH3HCTopa;
8)nOJlb3YRCb <pOPMYJlaMH Ta6nH.QbI, onpe.ll.enHTb ManOCHrHaJIb Hwe h- napaMeTPbl .ll.JlR BKJ1lOqeHHR TPaH3HcTopa no cxeMe C OE H 03. Pe3YJlbTaTbl npe.ll.CTaBHTb B BH.ll.e Ta6JlH.QbJ.
7 ~CCnEAOBAH~E XAPAKTEPHCTHK nOnEBOrO
TPAH3~CTOPA C YnpABnS:UOLU~M p-n nEPEXO.QOM
7.1 QeJJb paooTbl
HCCJle.ll.OBaTb <pH3HQeCKHe npO.Qeccbl, ne)KaIll,He B OCHOBe pa60 TbI npH60pa. H3Y4.HTb BXO.ll.Hble H BbIXo,n:Hb[e XapaKTepHCTHKH H c,n:enaTb KOJlHQeCTBeHHYIO o.QeHKY napaMeTPoB TpaH3HcTopa.
7.2 TeOpeTHqeCKaH. qaCTb
I10JleBOH TPaH3HcTOp C ynpaBllilIOIlI,HM p-n nepeXO.ll.OM OTHOCHT CR K KJ1accy YHHnonRpHblX npH60poB, pa60TalOIlI,HX Ha OCHOBHhlX HOCHTeJlRX. )J,eHcTBHe 3TOro npH60pa OCHOBaHO Ha 3<p<peKTe MO,n:y JlR.QHH nOnepe4.Horo CeQeHHR npOBo,n:RIlI,ero KaHana, B 06beMe IIO JlynpOBO.ll.HHKa, 3a CQeT H3MeHeHHR BHeWHHM HanpR)KeHHeM IIIHpH HbI 06JlaCTH npOCTpaHCTBeHHoro 3apR,n:a p-n IIepexo,n:a.
I10CKOJlbKY B 06naCTH p-n nepeXO.ll.a npOHCXO.ll.HT CMeHa THna npOBO.ll.HMOCTH, TO TIO 03HaQaeT, 'ITO B 06JlaCTH npOCTpaHCTBeHHoro 3apn.ll.a npOBO.ll.HMOCTb MHHHMaJIbHaR, TaK KaK KOH.QeHTPa.QHn CBO
53
60,n:HbIX HOCHTeJleH 6JlH3Ka K c06CTBeHHoH. I10TIOMY, eCJlH K p-n nepexo,n:y npHKJ1a,n:bIBaeTCR BHeIIIHee HanpIDKeHHe V, TO ero OCHOB HaSi QaCTb na,n:aeT Ha 06JlaCTH npOCTPaHCTBeHHoro 3apSl,n:a. CYMMH PYSlCb C KOHTaKTHOH paBHOCTblO nOTeH.QHaJIOB, BHeUJHee HanpH)Ke HHe H3MeHHeT nOTeH.QHaJIbHbIH 6apbep <Pk, a CJle.ll.OBaTeJlbHO, H L.
I1yCTb BHeIIIHee HaIIpR)KeHHe HanpaBJleHO TaK, 'ITO 3HaKH VK H V
COBII3,lJ.alOT (06paTHoe HanpaBJ1eHHe). B 3TOM CJlyqae nOTeH.QHaJIb HbIM 6apwp YBeJlH4.HBaeTCH, a 3HaQHT paCTeT H pa3Mep 06JlaCTH npOCTPaHCTBeHHoro 3apR.ll.a L. 06bIQHO p-n nepeXO.ll. C03.ll.aeTCn
.ll.H<p<pY3HeH npHMeCH, HanpHMep, aK.QenropoB B 3JleKTPOHHbIM no nynpOBo,n:HHK. ,lVIR 06Pa30BaHHR p-n nepexo,n:a He06xo.ll.HMO, 'lT06bl
BbmOJlHSlJlOCb HepaBeHCTBO N;»Nd. B 3TOM cnyQae
1/2
L = 2880(Vk + V) |
(7.1) |
[ q 2Nd
TaKHM 06pa30M L_012 H, H3MeHRR
H3MeHRTbL.
Tenepb paccMoTPHM npHH.QHn pa60TbI TPaH3HcTopa, cxeMa KO Toporo nOKa3aHa Ha pHcYHKe 7.1.
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I 3aTBop |
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PI: |
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I1cTOK |
"-- |
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om |
tL |
; |
CTOK |
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--~- |
' |
I |
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n |
/ ........... |
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om |
Ln: |
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~ |
: I |
p |
I |
: |
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I 3aTBOp |
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+? |
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+ |
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PHC.7.1 |
- CxeMa pa60Thl TpaH3HcTopa CynpaSIDIIOIl\HM p-n nepexo.noM |
... |
.0III |
-------- |
54
IIpH60p npe.ll.CTaBnaeT C060H KPHCHUIn nonynpOBO.ll.HHKa, Ha npHMep, n-THna, Ha KOHIJ,aX KOToporo HMelOTC.sI OMHqeCKMe nepexo
.ll.bI - HCTOK (CneBa) H CTOK (CrrpaBa). Ha BepXHeH H HH.lKHeH rpaH.sIX KpHCTanna H3rOTOBneHhI p-n rrepeXO.ll.hI TaK, ~O Na»Nd. BhITIOnHe HHe :noro HepaBeHCTBa He06xo.ll.HMO .ll.J1.s1 TOro, ~06hI paCIlIHpeHHe
rrpOHCXO.ll.HllO B CTOPOHY n-06naCTH. BenHqHHa L Ha pHcYHKe 7. I .
OTMeqeHa nYHKTHpOM. ECllH Me)l(JJ,)' HCTOKOM H CTOKOM npHKnMhI BaeTC.sI Pa3HOCTh rrOTeHIJ,HanOB VCII' TO no KpHcTanny nOTeqeT TOK.
TOK 6Y.ll.eT rrpOTeKaTh rro n-KaHany, OrpaHliqeHHOMY 06naCT.sI MH rrpOCTPaHCTseHHoro 3ap.sl.ll.a p-n nepeXO.ll.OB Ln. EcnH K p
06llacTaM, KOTophle Ha3hIBaIOTC.sI 3aTBopOM, rrpHKnMbIBaeTCH Ha rrp.sl:JKeHHe V3H B 06paTHOM HanpaSneHHH, TO, KaK cne.ll.Yer H3 Bhlpa
>KeHH.sI (7.1), SenHqHHa Ln C POCTOM V311 HaqHeT YBenHqHBaThCa, a WHpHHa KaHana W - YMeHhwaThC.sI. TaKHM 06pa30M, H3MeH.sI.sI Ha np.sl>KeHHe Ha 3aTsope V3H , MO:JKHO ynpaM.sITb npOBO.ll.HMOCThlO Ka Hana. B 3TOM H 3aKnlOqaeTC.sI npHHIJ,Hn pa60ThI nOJIeBOrO TpaH3H cTopa C ynpaBn.sllOmHM p-n rrepeXO.ll.OM.
Y CHllHTenbHhle CBOHCTsa TpaH3HcTopa orrpe.ll.en.slIOTCH rny6HHoH MO.ll.Yn.slIJ,HH conpOTHBneHH.sI Me)l(JJ,)' CTOKOM H HCTOKOM. 3T0 corrpo THMeHHe Ha3hIBaeTC.sI corrpoTHBneHHeM rrpOBO.ll..sIIIIerO KaHana
I
~HO=PbW' (7.2)
r.ll.e P - Y.ll.enhHOe corrpOTHBneHHe rronyrrpOBO.ll.HHKa B 06naCTtf Ka Hana; L - .ll.J1HHa KaHana; b - rny6HHa KaHana; W - IIIHpHHa KaHana. IIpH rrpOTeKaHHH TOKa B KaHane ero IIIHpHHa W H3MeH.sIeTCa, YMeHhwaaCb rro HarrpaBneHHIO K CTOKY, KaK 31'0 rrOKa3aHO Ha PHCYH Ke 7.1. 31'0 npOHCXO.ll.HT rroToMY, ~o Pa3HOCTh rrOTeHIJ,HanOB CTOK HCTOK VCI! pacrrpe.ll.enaeTc.sI B.ll.Onh KaHana. lIlHpHHa 06naCTH rrpo CTpaHCTBeHHoro 3apa.ll.a p-n nepeXO.ll.OB 3aTBopa onpe.ll.en.sleTca Pa3 HOCTblO nOTeHIJ,HanOB Me)l(JJ,)' 3aTBopOM H KaHaJIOM.
55
II03ToMY B6nH3H HCTOKa 3Ta Pa3HOCTb nOTeHIJ,HanOB paBHa HO
OHa YBenHqHBaeTC.sI no HanpaMeHHIO K CTOKY 3a CqeT nMeHHH Ha np.sl>KeHH.sI B KaHane, C03.ll.aHHOro rrpOTeKalOIIIHM TOKOM Me)l(JJ,)' HC TOKOM H CTOKOM Ie. HaH60llhIIIee 3HaqeHHe Pa3HOCTH rrOTeHIJ,HanOB, orrpe.ll.enalOmeH IIIHpHHY 06naCTH npOCTPaHCTBeHHoro 3apMa p-n rrepeXO.ll.OB 3aTBopa, HaxO.ll.HTC.sI B 06naCTH CTOKa H paBHO (V)II + VCI!)'
I10:lTOMY B 06JIacTH CTOKa IIIHpHHa KaHana HaHMeHbIIIaSI.
fnaBHhIMH xapaKTepHCTHKaMH TpaH3HCTopa HBJIHIOTC.sI 3aBHCH MOCTh TOKa Ie OT Harrp.sl>KeHH.sI Ha 3aTBope Ic=j{V311) rrpH rrOCTO.slHHOM HarrpH>KeHHH Ha CTOKe H Ic=f{Ycl!) rrpH rrOCTO.sIHHOM Harrp.sl>KeHHH Ha 3aTBope. TOK CTOKa rroneBoro TPaH3HCTopa orrpe.ll.eJ1.s1eTC.sI BhIpa:JKe
HHeM:
|
1 |
2 V:J |
2 |
CH |
3/2 ] |
|
|
- (V3H + |
, (7.3) |
||||
Ie |
= R |
+ _. |
112 |
|
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CHO |
3 |
V |
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3HOTC |
|
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r.ll.e VgHOTC - |
HanpH:JKeHHe OTCeqJ(}f (HarrpH:JKeHHe, rrpH |
KOTOPOM 06 |
naCTH npOCTPaHCTBeHHOrO 3apSI.ll.a p-n rrepeXO.ll.OB nOJIHOCThlO nepe KpOIOT KaHan).
3To BhIpa:JKeHHe .ll.eHCTBHTenhHO rrpH ycnoBHH W:;tO, T.e. KaHan He
nepeKpblT. I1epeKphITHe KaHana npoHCXO.ll.HT H3-3a YBeJ1HqeHH.sI H
VCII' B MOMeHT nepeKpbITHH KaHana Hanp.sl>KeHHe Ha p-n nepeXO.ll.e
paBHO
V';,IlOTC == Ji;1! + VCII |
(7.4) |
B KaqeCTBe npHMepa paCCMOTPHM |
B03MO:JKHOCTh OTCeqKH 3a |
cqeT YBenHqeHH.sI VCII' nOJIaraa, qTO V3H =0. YBenHqeHHe VCII npHBO
.ll.HT K pocry Ie KOTOPhIH, B CBOIO Oqepe.ll.b, YBenHqHBaeT nMeHHe HarrpH:JKeHHH Ha p-n nepeXO.ll.e, H YMeHbIIIeHHIO CeqeHHH KaHana, a Cne.ll.OBaTenbHO, K YMeHbweHHIO pOCTa TOKa Ic. TaKHM 06Pa30M, pOCT TOKa Ie rrpHBO.ll.HT K ero >Ke caMoorpaHHqeHHIO. OrceqKH TOKa
.ll.0 HYna He npOHCXO.ll.HT, TaK KaK YMeHbIIIeHHe CeqeHHH KaHana no pO)K.1J.aeTC.sI caMHM pOCTOM TOKa, a eCJIH OH YMeHhWHTCH .ll.0 HYJIH, TO
. "C,.
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