мет.указ. к.р. №3
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(2)
, D = 1,0·10-5 2 .
n (3) (1)
= m0 <v>/3 21/2d2
m0 = M/NA.
= M<v>/3 21/2d2NA
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2 |
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: <v> = |
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=470 . |
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= 0,028..470/9,42.1,4 3,7.10-10. 6,023.1023 = 1,2·10-5
: = 1,2·10-5
9. 1 = 3·105
V1 = 4 , V2 = 6 ,
2=1,0·105 . ,
. ,
Q, .
:
1 = 3,0·105 ;2 = 1,0·105 ;
V1 = 4 = 4,0·10-3 3;
V2 = 6 = 6,0·10-3 3;
- ? U -? Q - ?
. : )
1 2, V2, – ; )
2 3.
– –
.
2 1 = (V1/V2)
, , =(i + 2)/i =1,4.
= 3,105 (2/3)1,4 > 2 = 1,0·105 .
,
2 3 , ,
2-3 ( = nst V =const).
12 Q13
1 3
.
13 = 12 + 23, |
Q13 = Q12 + Q23. |
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U = i m R(T2 – T1)/2M. (1) |
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1 2 |
m/M |
- . 1- 2 |
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Q12 = 0. 12
U12 –
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2-3 23 = 0, |
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Q23 |
= m Cv(T2 – T1)/M |
12 = - U12 = i m R(T2 – T1)/2M.
– 1 2
12 = i (p1V1 – p2V2)/2.
= 1 (V1/ V2)
12 = 450 . , 23 = 0, 12 = 13 = 450 .
v = iR/2.
(32) –
2 3,
Q23 = i ( p2 V2 – p V2 ) = - 1050 .
Q12 = 0, Q13 = Q23.
. (3) U12 = i ( p2 V2 – p1 V1)/2.
: 1 = 3,105 (2/3)1,4 , 2 = 1,0·105 .= 105 (6/4)1,4 =1,7·105 .
U12 = 5 ( 1,7. 4 –1,0 .6)105 10-3/2 = - 1050 .
: U12 = - 1050
10. , m = 200
t1 =270 t2 = 1270 . , ,
.
:
m = 200 = 0,200 ;
1 = 270 = 300 ;2 = 1270 = 400 ;
i = 5;
M = 32·10-3 ;S - ?
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, ( )
1 2 ( .8).
. 8 : –
1 –2; – 1 – 3
3- 2.
2
1 –2 S2 - S1 = Q p 
T
1
Qp = m Cp dT/M.
3 |
2 |
1-3-2 S2 - S1 = QT |
T Q V T , |
1 |
3 |
QT = A = pdV, QV = mCVdT/M.
, 1-2.
= const = (i + 2)R/2.
QP (33) ,
T2 |
m i 2 |
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dT |
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S2 - S1 = |
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R |
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= m(i +2)R ln (T2/T1)/2M |
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T1 |
M |
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T |
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1-3-2. QTQV (34) , = 1 V1/V = mRT1/MV
S2 – S1 = mRln (V2/V1)/M + mCVln (T2/T1)/M.
, 2 = 1, V3 = V2, 2 1 = V2/V!,
S2 – S1 = m(i + 2)R ln (T2/ T1)/2M
: S . |
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: S2 – S1 = 0,2(5+ 2)8,31 ln (400/ 300)/0,064 = 52 ( ).
: S2 – S1 = 52 .
11. 8,3
, 18,9 / .
.
:
R = 8,3/10-3
= 18,9.103
_ ?
. , ,
F =qVB,
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mV 2 |
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mV 2 |
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qVB , |
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R
V qBR m
B 0 H
, V qBR 0 H
m
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mV qB 0 H
6,623.10-34/ 1,6.10-19. 12,56.10-7.18,9.103.8,3.10-3 = 13,11.10-9 = 13,11 ( )
: = 13,11
12. 1
:
= 10-6
=0,210
1/2 = 30
A-?
. = N
: = ln 2
T1/ 2
: N m N A
, : A = N ln 2 m N A
T1/ 2
: = 10-6 0,693.6,02.1023/0,210· 30·8,64·104 = 1,67.108 ( )
: = 1,67.108
3
1.,
4 2 .
2., ,
5 1,5 .
3..
0.1 .
, 0,2 .
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4.50
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5.1400 .
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100 ?
10 220 .
1,2 . ,
5 .
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7.
10 10 .
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8. |
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25 ,
100 . 3.108 .
9.,
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0,08 2, 11.
10.1
4.10-4 . 2.10-10 . ,
, 1507,
1,5. 3.108
11.2,4
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12. 1,33
1,4.
600 .
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13. 2021-
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12- .
15. 300 4- 0.644
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0,322 . 16.
450. ,
, 150?
17.
30 .
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10 .
4
18. 1 ,
0,44
0,45..10-16 . 6,625.10-34 . ,
3.108 .
19. 4,53 .
, .
(0,38 – 0,76) 6,625.10-34. , 3.108 .
20. 12 1 . ,
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5800 .
21. 10 ,
3
22. 350 .
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60%.
23. 100 270 108. ,
40 .
30 , 100 3 24. 1 3
00 .
4 . ,
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– 10 ?
25. 0,005 4
293 . 313 .
. 0,028 .
26. 1, 293 3 .
1000 4.105 ?
27. T
v=100 /c.
M = 32·10-2 / .
28.
, t = 270 ?
M1= 2·10-3 , M2 = 18·10-3 .
29. 60%
? , t = 100.
30.
1000 13,3 .
0,32 .
31. 2
100 . ,
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32. , 0,01 3
300 0,1 .
330 .
360 . V –
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33. 1,5 ,
105 , 2.105 ., 300 .
. 0.02 .
34. 300
0,012 2. ,
. , 360
? 105 .
10 2 35. , 2.105 ,
7 . ,
0,01 3?
36. . ,
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2 . 1270 37. , 12 .
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60 , – 19 .
38. 1 0,5 1270 ,
, 2 .
4 .
. 0,032
39. 1
0,2 400 4,5
4530 40. 1 ,
6 , 1.5
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41.
5,28.10-11 .
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42.
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109737,31 -1.
43. –
100 .
44. 510 .
– ,
45.
300 . ,
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46.
10-7 . ?
47. ,
10-10 .
. 48.
121,6 . .
49. ,
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50. .
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51. 
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52. 
2 ,
0,2 ? 138
53. – |
1 |
1 ? |
1,39.1011 |
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54. |
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55. |
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56.
1 , 200 ? 57. ,
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0,1 , 24%. |
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58. 1 . |
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1 , 200 ?
59. 1 
1 ?.
. 7,1.108
60. 1 19.5 -235. 25%.
.
200 .
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G |
6,672·10-11 |
2 2 |
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G |
9,8065 |
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p0 |
101325 |
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Na |
6,022045·1023 |
-1 |
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1 |
V0 |
22,41383 |
3 |
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R |
8,31441 |
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* |
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K |
1,380662·10-23 |
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C |
2,9979245·108 |
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0 |
4 ·10-7= |
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me |
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e/me |
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1 |
a0 |
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mec2 |
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mpc2 |
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mnc2 |
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1,25663706·10-6
8,8541878·10-12
9,109534·10-31 1,6726485·10-27 1,6749543·10-27 1,6021892·10-19 1,758804·71011
9,648456·104
6,626176·10-34
1,054887·10-34
0,5291770·610-10 0.511034
938.2796
939.5731
3. .
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H 11 |
1,00783 |
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1327 Al |
26,98153 |
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H 21 |
2,01410 |
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1224 Mg |
23,98504 |
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H 31 |
3,01605 |
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10747 Ag |
107,868 |
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24 He |
4,00260 |
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49 Be |
9,01505 |
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23 He |
3,01603 |
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23592 U |
235,11750 |
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126 C |
12,00380 |
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37 Li |
7,01601 |
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178 O |
17,00456 |
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0,20·10-9 |
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0,23·10-9 |
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0,30·10-9 |
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0,30·10-9 |
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3,7 |
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4,8 |
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4,5 |
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6,3 |
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2,3 |
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1,8 |
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4,4 |
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4,0 |
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1018 |
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10-1 |
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1015 |
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10-2 |
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1012 |
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10-3 |
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109 |
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10-6 |
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106 |
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10-9 |
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103 |
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10-12 |
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102 |
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10-15 |
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101 |
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10-18 |
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