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ABBREVIATIONS

ECU

Electronic/engine control unit

e-CVT

Electronic continuously variable transmission

EDLC

Electrochemical double-layer capacitor

EKF

Extended Kalman filter

EMF

Electromagnetic force

EMI

Electromagnetic interference

EREV

Electric range extended hybrid vehicle

ESS

Energy storage system

EUDC

Extra urban driving cycle

EV

Electric vehicle

EVT

Electrical variable transmission

FC

Fuel cell

FET

Field effect transistor

FTP

Federal test procedure

Genset

Engine–generator pair set

GM

General Motors

HC

Hydrocarbons

HEV

Hybrid electric vehicle

HPPC

Hybrid pulse power characterization test

ICE

Internal combustion engine

IGBT

Insulated gate bipolar transistor

Li-ion

Lithium ion

LQC

Linear quadratic control

MIMO

Multi-input multi-output system

MOSFET

Metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor

MPC

Model predictive control

MRAC

Model reference adaptive control

NiCd

Nickel–cadmium battery

NiMH

Nickel–metal hydride battery

NiOx

Nickel oxyhydroxide

NOx

Nitrous oxide

OCV

Open-circuit voltage

OP

Operating point

OVPU

Over voltage protection unit

PEMFC

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

PFC

Power factor correction

PHEV

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

PID

Proportional integral derivative controller

PNGV

Partnership for a new generation of vehicles

PST

Power split transmission

PWM

Pulse width modulation

RMS

Root mean square

ABBREVIATIONS

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RPM

Revolution per minute

RWR

Roadway recognition

SEI

Solid–electrolyte interface

SFTP

Supplemental federal test procedure

SG

Specific gravity

SI

Spark ignition

SISO

Single-input–single-output system

SOC

State of charge

SOFC

Solid-oxide fuel cell

SOH

State of health

SOHC

Single overhead cam engine

SOL

State of life

SP

Singular pencil model

TRC

Transient response characteristic

UDDS

Urban dynamometer driving schedule

USABC

U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium

VITM

Voltage, current, and temperature measurement unit