English for Engineering Faculties_new version
.pdf10.13. Point out the complex subject in the following sentences, as in the model.
Model: – They are expected to come to an agreement.
1.The problem is shown to be urgent.
2.The instrument seems to have been tested.
3.The result is certain to be valid.
4.Printers are known to vary greatly in performance and design.
5.The figures are considered to be reliable.
6.The effect is known to be due to radiation.
7.The results are reported to contradict the idea.
8.He is known to be a good specialist.
9.The article is said to have become the scandal of the week.
10.In ancient time the Earth was thought to be motionless.
Infinitive Construction with for
10.14. Translate |
the |
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Point |
out |
the |
infinitive |
construction with for. |
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Model: – This question is easy enough for me to solve.
1.This situation is too complex for us to understand.
2.This work is simple enough for him to do.
3.This equation is too difficult for me to solve.
4.There is no reason for computer experts to use computers of the first generation nowadays.
5.For these experiments to be meaningful the observations must be made at regular intervals.
6.For me to learn to speak English fluently is not easy.
7.The text was very interesting but rather difficult for the students to translate it without a dictionary.
8.For the results to be valid our technique should be used in combination with statistical analysis.
Revising Infinitive Constructions
10.15. Read and translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the infinitive constructions.
1.We know silver to be the best of conducting materials.
2.We expect the article to be published next year.
3.We want them to receive this information as soon as possible.
4.The only thing for you to do is to use the microscope.
5.We are sure this work to be completed in a month.
6.Our professor wants us to use these data.
7.For the decision to be correct all the facts must be taken into consideration.
8.These elements are known to have been found two decades ago.
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9. Semiconductors are shown to be good detectors of radio waves. 10.This engineer appears to have presented some interesting data.
11.The improvement of the technological processes is supposed to ensure lower cost of power.
12.Long transmission lines are known to be necessary for the transfer of electric energy over long distances.
13.Some types of reactors are known to produce more nuclear fuel during their operation than they consume.
14.Infrared rays emitted by an object on the road are to be intensive enough for sensors to pick them up.
15.Scientists expect lasers to solve the problem of controlled thermonuclear reaction.
16.Japanese designers believe a new ceramic engine to replace the conventional one.
17.We know the first digital optical discs to have been produced in 1982 as discs for music.
18.The students are waiting for the lecturer to describe the properties of a new composite material.
19.A system of satellites is provided for people to watch the central TV program.
20.Intensive research on optical electronic computer is said to be going on in a number of US companies.
21.A method for recording information on crystal by means of laser is known to have been developed by a Russian researcher.
22.Optical technology has been found to be cost-effective.
23.Lasers appeared to be highly useful for solving the problem of controlled thermonuclear reaction and communication.
24.A system of Earth satellites appears to have solved the problem of transmitting the central TV program to any part of the world.
25.Electricity proved to be able to travel instantly over a long piece of wire. 26.A new manned craft is reported to be able to submerge to the depth of 21,000
feet.
27.Radio navigation stations are known to be located all over the world to guide the pilots.
28.The phenomenon of superconductivity appears to have been discovered as early as 1911.
29.M. Faraday supposed a light beam to reverse its polarization as it passed through a magnetized crystal.
30.A Dutch physicist found a superconducting material to return to normal state when a strong magnetic field was applied.
31.Properties of materials obtained in space prove to be much better than those produced on Earth.
32.There are prospects for lasers to be used in long distance communication and for transmission of energy to space stations.
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APPENDICES
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ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1 |
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Английский алфавит |
A a |
N n |
B b |
O o |
C c |
P p |
D d |
Q q |
E e |
R r |
F f |
S s |
G g |
T t |
H h |
U u |
I i |
V v |
J j |
W w |
K k |
X x |
L l |
Y y |
M m |
Z z |
Знаки транскрипции
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парные |
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ГЛАСНЫЕ ЗВУКИ |
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СОГЛАСНЫЕ ЗВУКИ |
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дифтонги |
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Правила чтения
Тип слога |
A a |
E e |
I i |
O o |
U u |
Y y |
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Открытый слог |
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(оканчивается |
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на гласную |
case |
she |
line |
zone |
rude |
my |
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или е немую) |
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Закрытый слог |
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(оканчивается |
tank |
bet |
bit |
lot |
cut |
myth |
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на согласную) |
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Гласная + r |
car |
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и гласная + r + |
her |
sir |
or |
fur |
Сyrd |
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согласная |
park |
term |
third |
born |
burn |
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Гласная + r + |
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гласная |
vary |
here |
tire |
story |
pure |
tyre |
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ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 2
Основные способы словообразования
Аффиксация (суффиксация и префиксация)
Основные суффиксы существительных
Суффиксы |
Примеры |
Перевод |
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-er |
to read – reader |
читать – читатель |
-or |
to elect – elector |
избирать – избиратель |
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-ant |
to assist – assistant |
помогать – помощник |
-ent |
to study – student |
изучать – студент |
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-ian |
academy – academician |
академия – академик |
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-ist |
to type – typist |
печатать – машинистка |
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-tion |
to connect – connection |
соединять – соединение |
-ation |
to organize – organization |
организовывать – |
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организация |
-sion |
to collide – collision |
сталкиваться – столкновение |
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допускать – допущение |
-ssion |
to admit – admission |
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-age |
to clear – clearage |
очищать – очистка |
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-ment |
to fulfil – fulfilment |
выполнять – выполнение |
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-ure |
to press – pressure |
давить – давление |
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-ance |
to appear – appearance |
появляться – появление |
-ence |
to depend – dependence |
зависеть – зависимость |
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-ing |
to begin – beginning |
начинать – начало |
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-ness |
dark – darkness |
темный – темнота |
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-ity |
active – activity |
активный – активность |
-th |
wide – width |
широкий – ширина |
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-dom |
free – freedom |
свободный – свобода |
-ism |
real – realism |
действительный – реализм |
-hood |
child – childhood |
ребенок – детство |
-ship |
friend – friendship |
друг – дружба |
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Основные суффиксы прилагательных
Суффиксы |
Примеры |
Перевод |
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-ant |
to tolerate – tolerant |
терпеть – терпимый |
-ent |
to differ – different |
различаться – непохожий, |
-ive |
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другой, отличный (от) |
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to aсt – active |
действовать – активный |
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-ful |
use – useful |
польза – полезный |
-al |
centre – central |
центр – центральный |
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-ic |
history – historic |
история – исторический |
-ous |
advantage – advantageous |
преимущество – выгодный |
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-y |
dirt – dirty |
грязь – грязный |
-ly |
day – daily |
день – ежедневный |
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-less |
noise – noiseless |
шум – бесшумный |
(переводится |
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приставкой |
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без-, с-) |
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-ish |
old – oldish |
старый – староватый |
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Основные суффиксы глаголов |
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Суффиксы |
Примеры |
Перевод |
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-en |
strength – to strengthen |
сила – усиливать |
-ify |
simple – to simplify |
простой – упрощать |
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-ize |
real – to realize |
настоящий – осуществлять |
-ate |
active – activate |
активный – активизировать |
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1.1. Form nouns adding the suffixes -er, -or, -tion to the given words.
To operate, to receive, to produce, to transmit, to invent, to discover, to visit, to convert, to regulate, to accumulate, to react, to use, to oscillate, to record, insulate, receive, accelerate, communicate, act, revolt, classify, conduct, transmit, investigate, apply, emit.
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1.2. Form nouns adding the suffixes -ment or -ity to the given words.
To develop, to achieve, active, able, complex, to move, dense, electric, to measure, to improve, to manage, intense, intense, conductive, capable, to require, special, flexible.
1.3. Form adjectives adding the suffixes -ant, -ent, -ive, -ful, -al, -ic, -ous to the given words.
Economics, collection, industry, importance, electricity, illustration, technology, physics, difference, history, advantage, experiment.
1.4.Form nouns adding the suffixes a) –less; b) –ness. Translate the words.
a.Home, power, hope, sense, weight, shape, use, wire, noise, help, harm, life.
b.Effective, useful, bright, soft, thick, weightless, shapeless, empty.
1.5.Complete the table.
Verb |
Noun |
Adjective/ Participle |
reflect |
reflection |
reflecting |
manufacture |
… |
manufactured |
… |
… |
long |
… |
preparation |
… |
magnetize |
… |
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… |
… |
reproduced |
… |
track |
… |
amplify |
… |
… |
… |
… |
driven |
convert |
… |
… |
feed |
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fed |
… |
continuation |
… |
respond |
… |
… |
1.6.Read and translate the derivatives paying attention to the suffixes.
1.to transform – transformer, transformation
2.to demonstrate – demonstration, demonstrative
3.to calculate – calculation, calculator
4.to add – additional, addition
5.to differ – different, difference, differential
6.to compute – computer, computation
7.to use – usage, user
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1.7. Translate the following words. Point out verbs.
1. memory |
memorize |
memorial |
2. wide |
width |
widen |
3. separation |
separable |
separate |
4. realize |
real |
reality |
5. creation |
creative |
create |
6. classify |
classification |
classical |
7. action |
active |
activate |
1.8.Give the English equivalents of the words in bold.
1.устанавливать – installment, installation, install
2.стабилизировать – stabilizer, stability, stabilize
3.упрощать – simplify, simple, simplification
4.регулировать – regular, regulation, regulate
5.генерировать – generation, generate, general
1.9.Read the following words and decide to what parts of speech they belong
to.
Information, digital, television, conversation, conventional, protection, carrier, typically, inexpensive, versatility, data, relatively, conduction, equipment, interference, resistance, regenerator.
1.10. Read and translate the words paying attention to the suffixes.
Greatly, lecturer, atmospheric, successful, improvement, inventor, radiation, equipment, economic, powerful, development, operation, atomic, agreement, regulation, instruction, communication, generation, separately, production, industrial, researcher, radioactivity, measurement, interaction, elimination, seriously, symbolic, ecological, organizer, possible, differently, impossibility, rapidly, importance, technologically, economist, automatically, universal, manufacturer, productivity, operation, substitution, greatly, increasingly, dependent, independence, independently, correspondence, resistive, intensity, simplify, classification, magnetize, diversity, replacement, affectively, variable, variety, completely, impressive, conversation, conventional, carrier, typically, addition, equipment.
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1.11. Form nouns, adjectives or adverbs and fill in the blanks. Read and translate the sentences.
PHYSICS
1.It is … impossible to be in two places at once.
2.… is an expert dealing with matter and energy.
3.Mechanical laws and Newtonian … are very important for creating virtual systems.
4.The equivalent of clip art for virtual reality designers might be … systems.
POSSIBILITY
5.What will make the virtual reality design system of tomorrow …?
6.Is there any … of your taking part in virtual reality conference this year?
7.If we throw an object, it flies across the room, … hitting another object and causing a complex chain of events as objects crash into each other.
SUCCESS
8.Virtual reality can have great … in many ways, especially in experimenting.
9.Recent … tests of the world’s largest simulator enable scientists to do research in education, management and industry.
10.Astronauts have … simulated Space Shuttle landing.
POTENTIAL
11.Virtual laboratory helps researchers simulate … complicated flight situations.
12.Our country has great … raw resources.
13.It has not realized its full … yet.
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